Although the consequences of cotyledon removal have been widely studied in oaks producing large acorns, we have little knowledge of at what level cotyledons can be removed without affecting acorn survival and seedling development. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the amount of energy reserves in cotyledons is more than the demands of seedlings and that large acorns can tolera...

The effect of pre-sowing priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) solution (50 mg/L) on acorn germination and growth characteristics 47-day-old plants Quercus robur Q. rubra was studied under laboratory conditions. varied depending the oak species development phase plants. After priming, 86% acorns germinated that exceeded control by 25%, while number sprouted at level amounted to 85%. were divided ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several widespread tree species of temperate forests, such as species of the genus Quercus, produce recalcitrant (desiccation-sensitive) seeds. However, the ecological significance of seed desiccation sensitivity in temperate regions is largely unknown. Do seeds of such species suffer from drying during the period when they remain on the soil, between shedding in autumn and ...

We propose a mathematical model for fault-tolerant routing based on acyclic orientations, or acorns, of the underlying network G = (V; E). The acorn routing model applies routing tables that store the set of parent pointers associated with each out-neighborhood de ned by the acorn. Unlike the standard single-parent sink-tree model, which is vulnerable to faults, the acorn model a ords a full re...

Flours of wheat, chestnut, acorn and lupin were evaluated in relation to phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and oxalate content. At the chemical level the results show some variability between samples by type of flour, and the sample of chestnut flour presented the higher value of oxalate (0.00348 mg/100g) when compared to the other samples in the study. Considering the content of phenol...

regarding the nutritional value and availability of acorns in west and southwest of iran, the effects of partial substitution of wheat flour with acorn flour was investigated. wheat flour was replaced by treated acorn flour in the formulation of sponge cake and the quality characteristics were evaluated. density of cakes was increased with increasing the acorn flour. as the substitution degree ...

To understand how different trophic organisms in a parasite food chain adapt to the differences in soil nutrient conditions, we investigated stoichiometric variation and homeostasis of multiple elements in two acorn trees, Quercus variabilis and Quercus acutissima, and their parasite weevil larvae (Curculio davidi Fairmaire) at phosphorus (P)-deficient and P-rich sites in subtropical China wher...

The effects of climate change on oaks Quercus spp. constitute a main environmental concern for the conservation temperate forests. In this context, we assessed consequences longer droughts interactions between holm oak ilex L. and its acorn pests. Infested acorns were prematurely abscised before reaching their potential size. volume attacked by Cydia fagiglandana (Lepidoptera) was smaller than ...