Because of its inappropriability, protection of property rights is widely recognized as being the state’s responsibility. Moreover, recent empirical evidence suggests that it leads to higher investment levels and faster growth. Nevertheless, the extent of property rights protection differs significantly across countries. This paper endogenizes the emergence of property rights within a simple gr...

A model with leisure production and endogenous retirement is used to explain the declining labor force participation rates of elderly males. The model is calibrated to cross-sectional data on the labor force participation rates of elderly US males by age, their median drop in market consumption and leisure good expenditure share in the year 2000. Running the calibrated model for the period 1850...

A double-antibody sandwich method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the eight most prevalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotypes (O1, O2,5,16, O3, O4, O6, O9, O10, and O11). Immunoglobulin M fractions from rabbit antisera were used as the coating antibody and as the antibody to be conjugated to an enzyme. When two fractions of LPS (I and II...

Life Expectancy, Schooling, and Lifetime Labor Supply: Theory and Evidence Revisited This paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the role of life expectancy for optimal schooling and lifetime labor supply. The results of a simple prototype Ben-Porath model with age-specific survival rates show that an increase in lifetime labor supply is not a necessary, nor a sufficient, condit...

Recent diffusion models cannot explain why the success of technology diffusion depends so critically on developing countries’ human capital levels. This paper examines three main issues. First, we endogenize both appropriate technologies and human capital formation. Second, we refine the human capital accumulation process by introducing uncertainty about worker quality and training efficiency. ...

Air pollution can have a repercussion on human health. Economic activity and non-renewable use lead to pollution. CO2 emissions are widely used by previous studies as proxy for environmental degradation. exhibit upward trends in most countries including developing countries. The issue has set alarm bells ringing; thus, this study embarks an investigation into the impacts of energy use, economic...

Financial inclusion has become the focus of economic policymaking worldwide. Increasing accessibility weaker group society to formal financial services would not only serve at individual level but will also benefit national level. This study aims initially construct a new index for 43 developing countries based on multidimensional approach, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), three dimens...

The Wzz proteins are important for determining the length of the O-antigen side chain attached to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Several bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 (serogroup O5), produce two such proteins responsible for the preference of two different chain lengths on the surface. Our group has previously identified one wzz gene (wzz1) within the O-antigen locus of P. a...