leptospirosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. currently, multivalent whole-cell leptospiral vaccines can induce protection against leptospirosis. therefore, preparation and formulation of new generations of vaccines that can stimulate long-term immunity for leptospirosis control are essential. the aim of this study was to prepare and characterize alginate microspheres ...

the liver fluke fasciola hepatica causes fascioliasis, a liver disease in most part of the world and particularly in north of iran. diagnosis of the diseases is anchored in coprological manner but serological methods are preferable due to some obscurities. in this study, sera obtained from human patients infected with fasciola hepatica were tested by the enzymelinked immunotrotransfer blot (eit...

We studied a collection of lice from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Chile containing all four known species and one new species (described herein) in the genus Tinamotaecola, parasites of birds of the families Cariamidae and Tinamidae. We also (1) describe previously unknown second and third nymphal instars of two Tinamotaecola species, (2) discuss hosts and geographical ranges for all Tinamot...

A new species of Baetidae, Gratiabaibungensis sp. n., is described and illustrated based on nymphal stage collected from the southeastern Tibet (Xizang) and the genus is reported for the first time from China. This new species can be readily differentiated from its congeners by the absence of a protuberance on the posterior margin of the abdominal tergum X, glabrate simple submarginal setae on ...

We determined honeydew production by male and female sweetpotato whiteflies and the effects of temperature on honeydew production of each sex. We also determined honeydew production by each nymphal instar. Overall, adult SPW produced more honeydew than nymphs. Adult females produced more honeydew than males. The relative differences between honeydew production for males and females and between ...

Abstract We present the first record of characteristics three nymphal stages Hoplopleura edentula , one common Eurasian species genus . Lastly, a list all parasitizing host Clethrionomys is provided. The descriptions sucking louse usually lack features stages. In addition, it impossible to determine whether main or an accidental when there co-occurance two more lice species, unless we observe n...