Abstract Wetlands protect downstream waters by filtering excess nitrogen (N) generated from agricultural and urban activities. Many small ephemeral wetlands, also known as geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs), are hotspots of N retention but have received fewer legal protections due to their apparent isolation jurisdictional waters. Here, we hypothesize that the GIWs make them more efficient...

Simple mathematical models are derived from mass balances for water and transported substance to provide insight into the relationships between import, export, transport, internal removal nonconservative substances in an estuary. Extending previous work, our explicitly include inputs ocean expressed terms of timescales (i.e., mean residence time timescale net removal). Steady-state, timescale-b...