A number of recent research efforts focus on the inclusion more detailed models occupants in building performance computing. Thereby, agent-based modelling (ABM) has theoretical potential to capture dynamic and complex patterns occupants’ presence behaviour buildings. This paper starts with a brief reference reviews state art concerning deployment ABM energy simulation. Subsequently, an illustr...

Earlier studies by the authors have proposed separating rollover crashes according to belt use, ejection status, and single vs. multiple harmful events. These different classifications were associated with differences that could substantially alter the risk of serious injury. For each classification, metrics to characterize rollover severity were presented. For most single vehicle crashes, the ...

BACKGROUND Seat belts are designed to reduce injuries due to road crash among vehicle occupants. AIMS This study aims to determine the availability of seat belt in vehicles and compliance with seat belt use among vehicle occupants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a 24-h direct observational study of seat belt usage among vehicle occupants in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. By direct surveilla...

Studies of past emergency events have revealed that occupants’ behaviors, local geometry, and environmental constraints affect crowd movement and govern the evacuation. In addition to comply with code and standards, building designers need to take into consideration the occupants’ social characteristics and the unique layout of the buildings to design occupant-centric egress systems. This paper...

the most important characteristics of the occupants of the second millennium bc in northern iran and its adjacent regions such as the provinces of east azerbaijan, ardabil, azerbaijan republic, armenia and southern russia, is the settlements containing castles with defense walls and huge stone graves as well using bronze artifacts and production of gray and buff polished pottery. the presence o...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect on fatality rates in crashes of installation of shoulder belts in automobile back seats. METHODS During 1988-96, fatalities to rear outboard seat occupants of passenger cars, classified by age of occupant and vehicle curb weight were matched to data on model year in which shoulder belts became standard equipment. The same data were obtained from the same year...

Abstract—Buildings with shared spaces such as corporate office buildings, university dorms, etc. are occupied by multiple occupants who typically have different temperature preferences. Attaining a common temperature set-point that is agreeable to all users (occupants) in such a multi-occupant space is a challenging problem. Furthermore, the ideal temperature set-point should optimally trade of...

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in a building is a very important element to ensure the health and comfort level of the building occupants. This is because work productivity may be interrupted due to the polluted environmental condition and bad indoor air quality. Both factors may lead to bad health and physical condition and consequently to bad work performance. The study presents the understanding a...