Midbrain periaqueductal gray mater area (PAG) receives some afferents from anterolateral system, frontal cortex, and hypothalamus that inhibit pain through its descending pathway that synapses medial raphe nuclus (mrph) and finally terminates on spinal cord enkephalinergic interneurons in layers II and III. In the present study, the role of Ca+2–channels located on medial raphe nucleus neurons ...

We have used double-label in situ hybridization techniques to examine the cellular localization of GABAB receptor mRNA in relation to serotonin transporter mRNA and glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA in the rat dorsal raphe, median raphe and raphe magnus nuclei. The degree of cellular co-localization of these markers notably varied among the different nuclei. In the dorsal raphe, cell bodies show...

The present studies sought to investigate the effect of tryptophan alone or coadministration of tryptophan and ethanol on the interaction of central frontal cortex and dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic functional activities by utilizing in vivo microdialysis. Tryptophan (50 mg/kg, i.p.) led to a significant increase in the levels of 5-HIAA, a metabolite of serotonin (5-HT), in the dorsal raphe ...

In rabbits, raphe magnus/pallidus neurons form a link in the CNS pathway regulating changes in cutaneous blood flow elicited by nociceptive stimulation and activation of the central nucleus of the amygdala. To characterize relevant raphe-spinal neurons, we performed extracellular recordings from the rostral medullary raphe nuclei in anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated rabbits. All ...

Deepak Bushan Raina, Hanna Isaksson, Werner Hettwer, Ashok Kumar, Magnus Tagil, Lars Lidgren. Lund University, Department of Orthopedics, Lund, Sweden, Lund University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund, Sweden, University of Copenhagen, Department of orthopedic surgery, Copenhagen, Denmark, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Ka...

This paper investigates the relative labor productivity level for total manufacturing in Germany, Sweden and the US for the period 1980–2001. The paper also presents estimates of labor productivity levels for 18 different manufacturing industries for the period 1993–2000. The results show that the Swedish manufacturing productivity caught up with German and US productivity in the 1990s, overtak...

By SIDNEY TRUBOWITZ, M.D. T HE OCCURRENCE of amyloidosis in multiple myeloma has been long recognized and the association of the two conditions well established. In 1931, Magnus-Levy’ wrote : ‘ ‘When I, at first purely out of interest in the clinical and metabolic aspects of myeloma, dug deeper into the literature, I was surprised to find a rather large, constantly growing body of data on amylo...

Effects of kainic acid lesions in the medullary raphe midline on reflex expirations induced mechanically from the trachea were examined. Spontaneously breathing rabbits were anesthetized by ketamine and xylazine i.m., followed by pentobarbitone i.v. Excitatory neurotoxin kainic acid (2 mg/ml in artificial CSF, total volume of 55-100 nl) was pressure microinjected into the medullary midline, ros...

Groups of pregnant rats were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H-thymidine from gestational days 12 and 13 (E12 + 13) until the day before birth (E21 + 22). In radiographs from adult progeny of these rats the proportion of neurons generated on specific days was determined in the major nuclei of the upper medulla, with the exception of the vestibular and auditory nuclei. The neurons o...

A wealth of pharmacological and behavioral data suggests that spinally projecting serotonergic cells mediate opioid analgesia. A population of medullary neurons, located within raphe magnus (RM) and the neighboring reticular nuclei, contains serotonin and is the source of serotonin in the spinal dorsal horn. To test whether serotonergic neurons mediate opioid analgesia, morphine was administere...