Conventional drug delivery systems have little control over their drug release and almost no control over the effective concentration at the target site. The major problem associated with conventional drug delivery system is unpredictable plasma concentrations. Osmotic devices are the most promising strategy based systems for controlled drug delivery. They are the most reliable controlled drug ...

The use of nasal cavity as a route of administration of drugs, specifically systemically acting drugs that pose a delivery challenge, have become an area of great interest to the pharmaceutical companies in the past decade. The physiology of the nasal cavity allows for variety of drug delivery possibilities and destinations which include local, systemic, vaccine, and access to the central nervo...

Mucoadhesion is a field of current interest in the design of drug delivery systems. Mucoadhesion is commonly defined as the adhesion between two materials, at least one of which is a mucosal surface. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system may be designed to enable prolonged residence time of the dosage form at the site of application or absorption and facilitate an intimate contact of the dosage for...

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creative-commons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution , and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Urologists usually treat overactive bladder (OAB) with oral medications. However, when th...

Drug delivered can have significant effect on its efficacy. Some drugs have an optimum concentration range with in which maximum benefit is derived and concentrations above (or) below the range can be toxic or produce no therapeutic effect. Various drug delivery and drug targeting systems are currently under development. The main goal for developing such delivery systems is to minimize drug deg...

A dendrimer described as a macromolecule characterized by its highly branched 3D structure which provides a high degree of surface functionality and versatility. Dendrimers also referred to as the “Polymers of the 21 century.” Dendrimers components, namely (1) an initiator core (2) Interior layers (generations) composed of repeating units, radically attached to the interior core. (3) Exterior (...

Pharmacosomes are colloidal dispersions of drugs covalently bound to lipids, and may exist as ultrafine vesicular, micellar, or hexagonal aggregates, depending on the chemical structure of drug-lipid complex. It is based on the principle that the drug binds covalently to a lipid where the resulting compound is the carrier and the active compound at the same time. The physicochemical properties ...

Magnetic microspheres are supramolecular particles that are small enough to circulate through capillaries without producing embolic occlusion (<4μm)but are sufficiently susceptible (ferromagnetic) to be captured in micro-vessels and dragged into the adjacent tissues by magnetic field of 0.5-0.8 tesla [1,2]. Magnetic microspheres are very much important which localizes the drug to the disease si...

In the area of solubility enhancement, several problems are encountered. A novel approach based on lipid drug delivery system has evolved pharmacosomes. Pharmacosomes are colloidal, nanometric size micelles, vesicles or may be in the form of a hexagonal assembly of colloidal drug dispersions attached covalently to the phospholipid. They act as a carrier for delivery of drugs quite precisely owi...

Cyclodextrins are cyclic (α -1, 4)-linked oligosaccharides of α -D-glucopyranose containing a relatively hydrophobic central cavity and hydrophilic outer surface. Cyclodextrins, which can serve as solubilising and stabilizing agent of drug, are very significant in improving the bioavailability of drug, increasing the solubility, decreasing the stimulation, and masking the Smell. The objective o...