This paper presents a novel population-based meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the game of tug of war. Utilizing a sport metaphor the algorithm, denoted as Tug of War Optimization (TWO), considers each candidate solution as a team participating in a series of rope pulling competitions.  The  teams  exert  pulling  forces  on  each  other...

Sleep medicine as it is known today actually started as research and scientific study, not as clinical medicine. When one considers that sleep medicine today is in its infancy, it is obvious that there is much more to learn. The history of sleep dates back to the 1880s. However, the most significant developments that moved sleep forward into the practice of medicine, and eventually dentistry, o...

This paper considers a capital accumulation model with the specific feature that adjustment costs depend on investment relative to the size of the capital stock. This framework has, beyond its plausible yet neglected setting, a number of interesting consequences. In particular, the possibility of multiple equilibria, of an unstable steady state and thus of a (‘history dependent’) threshold asso...

In 1825, Hazlitt described some of the fluctuations which the reputation of William Godwin had already experienced: ‘during his lifetime,’ he had ‘secured to himself the triumphs and the mortifications of an extreme notoriety and of a sort of posthumous fame.’ Godwin’s inspirational role to younger writers and radicals, combined with the vilification of many, after the emergence of An Enquiry C...

The significant increase in using reservoir simulation models poses significant challenges in the design and calibration of models. Moreover, conventional model calibration, history matching, is usually performed using a trial and error process of adjusting model parameters until a satisfactory match is obtained. In addition, history matching is an inverse problem, and hence it may have non-uni...

in this article, the author studies the history of pluralism in the west and islamic world. then he has a look on the scopes and applications of pluralism and gives a new classification for it: 1- behavioral pluralism 2- cognitive pluralism he extends his philosophical thoughts and offers a novel point of view on this topic.

The second in a series of articles about the practical aspects of telehealth, this paper includes information and a case history on the cost-benefits for patients and practitioners using telehealth. The case history demonstrates that telehealth can save travel time for patients, carers and specialists, and can reduce out-of-pocket expenses. The practical aspects of telehealth article series con...

“That’s where the money is,” reportedly is a statement ascribed to the bank robber Willie Sutton when he was asked why he robbed banks. In the legal arena, there is often analogous reasoning when someone is aggrieved and seeks redress. This is particularly true when an investment in or loans to an entity go sour. After the debacle, generally the only ones around with deep pockets from whom to s...

all along history, the art and society always have interplayed. literary works especially novel are rooted in contemporary society and tell us about social, political, cultural and historical issues of a society. a realistic novel may reflect realities of its time like a mirror. the sociology of literature is aimed to explain the links between society and literature and clarifying the quality o...