Paraulax Kieffer and Cecinothofagus Nieves-Aldrey & Liljeblad (Cynipidae: Paraulacini) were long supposed to be gall-makers on southern beeches ( Nothofagus , Nothofagaceae). Dissections of galls Blume, suggested that could instead either endoparasitoid or inquiline Aditrochus larva (Chalcidoidea). We sequenced the universal COI barcode Ultra-Conserved Elements (UCEs) from young larvae coll...