A major problem of current vaccines is storage stability, often requiring strict maintenance of cold chains. In the course of the eradication of smallpox, a freeze-dried vaccinia virus (Dryvax), which proved to be very stable, was used to overcome this limitation. However, Dryvax needs to be reconstituted before usage and is administered using a bifurcated needle, procedures that pose a number ...

We present a case report of a 60-year-old woman with a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak at the clivus, obesity and no history of trauma. Follow-up imaging scans confirmed enlargement of the defect within the posterior clival framework to the size of 16 × 9 × 4 mm with a suspected meningocerebral hernia. The surgeons used the "two nostrils - four hands" endoscopic operating technique. The pa...

A case of partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q21 leads to qter) is described. The clinical findings are compared with those in 5 previously reported cases. There is hirsutism and characteristic facial dysmorphism, the common features of which are a square-shaped face, prominent nasal bridge, everted nostrils, hypertelorism, and palate abnormalities; occurring less often are abnor...

Introduction: It has been shown that manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) can be used to perform anterograde neuronal tract tracing in a number of neural systems, including the olfactory pathway [1,2]. Furthermore, MEMRI can be used to visualize laminar structures in the olfactory pathway and cortex in vivo. Recently the layer-specific input to somatosensory cortex from thalamus and contralateral cor...

OBJECTIVE To study chronic effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on cranial nerve I (nervi olfactorii), which have been only minimally described. METHODS Chemosensations (smell and taste) were evaluated in eight men who complained of continuing dysfunction 2-3 years after the start of occupational exposure to H2S. Various bilateral (both nostrils) and unilateral (one nostril at a time) odour thr...

We present here an approach to find the exact position of some feature units related to human face images. We use the horizontal information in most significant bit planes of images to accomplish the task. Finding location of facial feature units is of importance as most human face recognition approaches take it as initial point. The prominent feature units in a face are eyes, nostrils and lips...

The aim of this paper was to verify if the growth of the nasomaxillary complex can be influenced by a purely functional alteration such as nasal obstruction, which was induced experimentally in a genetically controlled animal model. Sixty albino rats were employed. Twenty of them had the right nostril occluded by a synthetic resin; another twenty had both nostrils occluded; the other 20 were ta...