provided the original work is properly cited. CC Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the one of the most distressing problems associated with anesthesia and surgery. It may be cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, tension on the surgical repair site, venous hypertension and increased perception of pain, and may be especially harmful after neurosurgery or orthognathic surgery [1]. Ma...

Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension To the Editor: Hypertension is responsible for much morbidity and mortality,1 in particular cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. Intensive treatment of hypertension reduces the incidence of stroke and cardiovascular events and decreases cardiovascular mortality compared with less intensive blood pressure reduction.2 Antihypertensive drugs are ef...

Painful diabetic neuropathy is characterized by intense pain. The objective was to conduct a literature review regarding the pharmacologic therapies used to relieve that pain. A literature search was conducted of six (6) data sources, in the last 12 years (1998 to 2010) using the keywords: diabetes, diabetes, painful neuropathy, neuropathic pain, treatment, and other similar terms. Thirteen art...

Depression is a distressing emotion that occurs during various times of the cancer trajectory. Depression often goes unrecognized and untreated, which can significantly affect cost, quality of life, and treatment adherence. The Oncology Nursing Society's Putting Evidence Into Practice depression project team reviewed current literature to identify evidence-based interventions to reduce depressi...

1. Explain theories of the pathogenesis of delirium. 2. Assess patient risk factors for delirium. 3. Analyze patient drug regimens to determine the likelihood that delirium or delirium-like symptoms are drug related. 4. Adjust a patient’s drugs to prevent delirium. 5. Prepare a patient care plan that includes patient-specific pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods to prevent delirium. 6. Co...

Orthostatic hypotension is a chronic, debilitating illness that is difficult to treat. The therapeutic goal is to improve postural symptoms, standing time, and function rather than to achieve upright normotension, which can lead to supine hypertension. Drug therapy alone is never adequate. Because orthostatic stress varies with circumstances during the day, a patient-oriented approach that emph...

Recognizing delirium and its impact on older patients and their caregivers is an important aspect of oncology nursing. Delirium is the most common complication of hospital admissions for older adults and is associated with a significant amount of morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stays, functional decline, and decreased quality of life. Oncology nurses caring for older patients with c...