نتایج جستجو برای: nonoxidative
تعداد نتایج: 416 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Proteins from isolated granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were assessed for their nonoxidative microbicidal effect on chlamydiae by two different methods: a radioisotope assay for elementary body integrity and a biological assay for inclusion development. Crude granule extract, which consisted of a mixture of all granule proteins, caused a 20 to 30% decrease in infectivity and a 52%...
The balance between oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism is essential for a number of pathophysiological processes. By deleting enzymes that affect aerobic glycolysis with different potencies, we examine how modulating glucose metabolism specifically affects hematopoietic and leukemic cell populations. We find that a deficiency in the M2 pyruvate kinase isoform (PKM2) reduces the level...
This Advisory is a revision of the 2006 Substance Abuse Treatment Advisory, The Role of Biomarkers in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders. The revision was necessitated by increased scientific knowledge about alcohol biomarkers and requests from clinical and judicial professionals for greater clarification on the use of biomarkers. This Advisory reviews recent scientific biomarker data and d...
Caloric restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity and reduces the incidence of diabetes in obese individuals. The underlying mechanisms whereby CR improves insulin sensitivity are not clear. We evaluated the effect of 16 weeks of CR on whole-body insulin sensitivity by pancreatic clamp before and after CR in 11 obese participants (BMI = 35 kg/m(2)) compared with 9 matched control subjects (...
Transmission electron microscopy was used to study ultrastructures in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells after ingestion by nonactivated or cytokine-activated murine peritoneal macrophages. Yeast cells ingested by nonactivated macrophages had typical bi- and trilayered cell walls, plasma membranes, mitochondria, nuclei, vacuoles, etc., which remained intact for 24 h of coculture. In cont...
Although alcohol abuse is known to cause an array of ethanol-induced red blood cell (RBC) abnormalities, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are toxic, nonoxidative ethanol metabolites that have been found in blood, plasma, and tissues. Because FAEEs have been shown to be incorporated into phospholipid bilayers, we conducted a controlled...
Breast cancer brain metastasis is resistant to therapy and a particularly poor prognostic feature in patient survival. Altered metabolism is a common feature of cancer cells, but little is known as to what metabolic changes benefit breast cancer brain metastases. We found that brain metastatic breast cancer cells evolved the ability to survive and proliferate independent of glucose due to enhan...
The ability of human neutrophils to aid in defense against pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is controversial. In this study, we have shown that neutrophils respond to and phagocytose M. tuberculosis in human lesions. Neutrophils from healthy individuals were able to kill significant fractions of an inoculum of M. tuberculosis within 1 h of phagocytosis, and this ability was e...
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