Mobile sink based data gathering for improving network lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has been extensively studied in literature. Mobile sinks are useful in mitigating energy-hole problem that can occur due uneven energy consumption among sensor nodes. However, the approach introduces new challenges during data delivery due to continuous change in the sink location. For efficient d...

LEACH is the most popular clastering algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, it has two main drawbacks, including random selection of cluster heads, and direct communication of cluster heads with the sink. This paper aims to introduce a new centralized cluster-based routing protocol named LEACH-AEC (LEACH with Adaptive Energy Consumption), which guarantees to generate balanced cl...

A nonlinear energy sink is designed to control the oscillations of a 2 degrees-of-freedom pendulum under following types excitations: horizontal and vertical base displacements initial energy. Coupled governing system equations are treated with multiple-scale methods different assumptions depending on applied loads. Fast slow dynamics revealed leading detection possible dynamical regimes. The c...

A crucial issue for data collection in wireless sensor networks is that the energy consumption of the sensor nodes placed near the sink is very high. This is because the sensors placed near the sink have to forward the data to the sink on behalf of others resulting in the depletion of energy quickly, which will lead to network partitioning and limitation in the network lifetime. In order to sol...

Moving the sink node is an effective solution for improving the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Different methods in the literature schedule sink movements and determine sink stay points. This paper provides another insight to the sink mobility problem in WSNs by incorporating node-load parameters into a matrix and using this matrix to determine which sink site to visit in each roun...

A Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (M-WSN) derives its name by considering either mobile sink or mobile sensor nodes within the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). As the sensor nodes are energy constrained, energy efficiency is the main aspect to be considered in any applications. By considering mobile sensor nodes in WSN, we can have better energy efficiency, improved coverage, and enhanced target t...

In a multi-hop wireless sensor network (WSN) with a constant node density, the nodes that are one hop away from the Sink die first and cause an “energy hole,” because they must forward the traffic from the rest of the network. When this hole forms, a large amount of “excess” energy is trapped in the other nodes. In this paper, we propose that some of those other nodes use some of the excess ene...

Wireless sensor networks constitute an emerging technology that has received recently significant attention both from industry and academia. On the one hand, there is an ever-widening range of attractive applications (e.g., disaster and environmental monitoring, wildlife habitat monitoring, target tracking, intrusion detection, security surveillance) sensor networks can be used for. On the othe...

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collaboration of a large number of sensor nodes. The sensor node operates on small batteries with limited lifetime. Some sensors, acting as source nodes, transmit their sensed data to a sink node via multi-hop communication. Often nodes nearer to the sink expend more energy than the nodes farther from the sink. Therefore, it is highly desirable to have an ef...

Many methods have been researched to prolong sensor network lifetime using mobile technologies. In the mobile sink research, there are the track based methods and the anchor points based methods as representative operation methods for mobile sinks. However, the existing methods decrease Quality of Service (QoS) and lead the routing hotspot in the vicinity of the mobile sink. In large scale wire...