We report a sensitive single-beam technique for measuring both the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient for a wide variety of materials. We describe the experimental details and present a comprehensive theoretical analysis including cases where nonlinear refraction is accompanied by nonlinear absorption. In these experiments, the transmittance of a sample is measured ...

In this paper, static response and buckling analysis of functionally graded saturated porous beam resting on Winkler elastic foundation is investigated. The beam is modeled using higher-order shear deformation theory in conjunction with Biot constitutive law which has not been surveyed so far. Three different patterns are considered for porosity distribution along the thickness of the beam: 1) ...

By treating laser-induced optical Kerr nonlinearity as a noninstantaneous decaying process, we present the pulse-duration-dependent Z-scan analytical expressions for an arbitrary aperture and an arbitrary nonlinear magnitude. This theory has the capacity to characterize the third-order nonlinear refraction induced by a laser pulse with its temporal duration being much longer than or comparable ...