Legumes form symbioses with rhizobia, which initiate the development of a new plant organ, the nodule. Flavonoids have long been hypothesized to regulate nodule development through their action as auxin transport inhibitors, but genetic proof has been missing. To test this hypothesis, we used RNA interference to silence chalcone synthase (CHS), the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step...

The Ginkgo biloba is one of ancient trees that exists from billions of years ago, its leaf and nut are used as herbs and foods in China, while so far its pollen does not have any application except pollination. In order to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba pollen, and rapidly screen its antioxidative components, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability, total...

Flavonoid biosynthesis is one of the most extensively studied areas of plant secondary metabolism. Modern-day reports date back to 1664 and Robert Boyle’s description of the effects of acids and bases on plant pigments. Today, through the study of flavonoid metabolism in diverse plant systems, a great deal is known about the genes involved in this pathway and the variety of biological functions...

In this thesis the chemical composition of heartsease (Viola tricolor L.) was studied to support the evidence-based determination of its biological activities. Henceforth, a proper sample preparationmethodwas developed, yielding a fraction rich on polar constituents (characteristic of the traditionally applied aqueous extract), which was further separated by conventional Sephadex LH-20 column c...

plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are most important natural antioxidants. in the present study two ultrasonic methods including probe and bath were used for the extraction of phenolic and flavonoid compounds from celtis australis. the effects of different extraction time including 30, 60 and 90 min (bath method) and 5, 10 and 20 min (pro...

Substantial experimental evidence suggests that several flavonoid classes are involved in glucose metabolism, but few clinical or epidemiologic studies exist that provide supporting human evidence for this relationship. The objective of this study was to determine if habitual intakes of specific flavonoid classes are related to incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We followed 2915 members of the...

Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae) is used in the treatment of diabetes, stomach pains, rheumatism, diuretic, vermifuge and tonic in traditional medicine. The present study has been design to evaluate antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of alcohol and aqueous extracts of Tecoma stans leaves and to determine total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Both extracts shows dose dependent activity...

Here we showed that bivalency approach is effective in modulating multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1)-mediated doxorubicin (DOX) and etoposide (VP16) resistance in human 2008/MRP1 ovarian carcinoma cells. Flavonoid dimers bearing five or six ethylene glycol (EG) units with 6-methyl (4e, 4f) or 7-methyl (5e, 5f) substitution on the ring A of flavonoid dimers have the highest modulating a...

Flavonoids play an important role in interactions of plants with the environment. Liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the flavonoid profiles (especially luteolin, tricin, and chrysoeriol glycosides), their total concentrations, and changes in the amounts of eight flavones found in the aerial parts of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (Fabaceae) Radius cv., uninfested and infested by t...

Prenylated flavonoids and isoflavonoids possess antimicrobial activity against fungal pathogens of plants. However, only a few plant flavonoid and isoflavonoid prenyltransferase genes have been identified to date. In this study, an isoflavonoid prenyltransferase gene, designated as LaPT1, was identified from white lupin (Lupinus albus). The deduced protein sequence of LaPT1 shared high homologi...