No significant biochemical or radiological features of vitamin D deficiency were found in groups of juvenile and adult epileptics and control groups of nonepileptic patients in hospitals for the mentally retarded. There was evidence of hepatic enzyme induction in patients on anticonvulsants, in that urinary D-glucaric acid concentration and excretion were raised. No effect was found of prolonge...

We provide a narrative review of functional neurological disorder (FND, or conversion disorder) for the emergency department (ED). Diagnosis FND has shifted from “rule-out” to one now based on recognition positive clinical signs, allowing ED physician make suspected likely diagnosis FND. PubMed, Google Scholar, academic books, and hand search through article references were used conduct literat...

Objective. Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) is a rare disorder characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, tapering digits, and skeletal deformity. Paroxysmal drop attacks occur in patients with CLS, characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone induced by unexpected tactile or auditory stimuli. Our objective is to characterize these attacks better using neurophysiologi...

Medical international guidelines recommend regular psychiatric consultations for patients with epilepsy, in order to detect comorbidities. However, there is a lack of guidance about PNES that constitute both differential diagnosis and comorbidity epilepsy. While waiting the ideal collaboration between neurologists psychiatrists, we develop pragmatic approach. Wrong epilepsy Psychogenic nonepile...

From clinical history 58 children were diagnosed as having reflex anoxic seizures secondary to provoked cardioinhibition (also known as white breath-holding attacks). Before referral, these seizures were commonly misdiagnosed as epileptic either because the provocation was ignored, not recognised, or was a febrile illness, or because there was no crying, no obvious breath-holding, little cyanos...