| This paper presents a new pseudo pin assignment (PPA) algorithm with crosstalk noise control in multi-layer gridless general-area routing. We propose a two-step approach that considers obstacles and minimizes the weighted sum of total wire length and the estimated number of vias under crosstalk noise constraints. We test our algorithms on a set of MCM examples and a set of standard cell examp...

Background: There is a great concern for the possible adverse effects of cell phones and noise waves and it looks these wave effects on the individuals’ health. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of cell phone waves, severity noise, and simultaneous effect of cell phone waves and severity noise on sperm motility and sexual hormones in adult male rats. Materials and Meth...

The capability of speech understanding can be tested in the form of sentences. This report describes the origin of a new test in the Czech language to evaluate the sentence intelligibility with the presence of the competitive disturb noise. The results of the test depend on the test project, sentence material, competitive signal, test evaluation, and hearing conditions. Pilot results were obtai...

background : the recognition of road traffic noise as one of the main sources of environmental pollution has led to develop models that enable to predict noise level from fundamental variables. traffic noise prediction models are required as aids for designing roads and highways. in addition, sometimes are used in the assessment of existing or envisaged changes in traffic noise conditions. in t...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) perception abilities in quiet and noise of native Japanese listeners who acquired English late in life and lived in the United States. The study addressed two primary questions: (1) whether native Japanese listeners who developed some fluency in English showed poorer English speech perception abilit...