In a recent Cell article, Solovei et al. (2009) have shown that the rod cell nuclei of nocturnal and diurnal mammals (including primates) are organized in distinct patterns, and that the nocturnalassociated pattern likely facilitates efficient photon capture by the photoreceptors. Their research underscores the exceptional selective pressures placed on the visual system in low light environment...

Octomys mimax O. Thomas, 1920, the viscacha rat, is a surface-dwelling rodent, endemic to the Monte biome of western Argentina. The genus Octomys is monotypic and represents a basal clade within the family Octodontidae. O. mimax is strictly herbivorous and is found in low-elevation arid environments characterized by galleries or rock formations. In these environments, O. mimax nests within rock...

An investigation of the relationship of morning emergence and body temperature in Phrynosoma demonstrated a rhythmic anticipation of conditions favorable for normal activity. Such a rhythm offers a mechanism by which ectothermic reptiles can use safe nocturnal shelters without loss of activity time in the morning.

PURPOSE We verify the sodium fraction excretion rate (FE Na) and potassium fraction excretion (FE K) rates in monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. We also correlate FE Na and FE K to urinary osmolality, nocturnal polyuria and vasopressin in the same population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 438 children 6 to 15 years old (mean age 9.7) presenting with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis were...

Circadian rhythms of core temperature and activity were studied using three Japanese macaques under influences of two different light intensities during the daytime. Nocturnal core temperature and activity onset time were lower and advanced, respectively, in bright as compared to dim light. These results suggest the possibility that diurnal bright light could influence the circadian organization.

conclusions vur might be more frequent in children with physiological urinary incontinence than the normal population, and might be as common as nmne with intermittent daytime incontinence. results urinary tract infection was found in 23 (34.8%) children, 17 (33.3%) and 6 (40%) patients with nmne and physiological urinary incontinence, respectively. out of 48 patients who underwent vcug, vesico...

There is a growing recognition of the role of individual variation in patterns emerging at higher levels of biological organization. Despite the importance of the temporal configuration of ecological processes and patterns, intraspecific individual variation in diel activity patterns is almost never accounted for in behavioral studies at the population level. We used individual-based monitoring...

This study has investigated differences in the nocturnal sleep and daytime sleepiness among patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), upper airway resistance (UARS), sleep hypopnoea syndrome, and normal control subjects, using sleep scoring and spectral activity analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Twelve nonobese males with UARS aged 30-60 yrs were recruited. These subject...

Objective: Nocturnal bruxism, the repetitive grinding, clenching, and chewing movements of the jaw during sleep, can occur in both children and adults. Case series and anecdotal reports suggest that botulinum toxin type A injection may provide effective treatment of nocturnal bruxism and its sequelae. Open-label trials for patients with nocturnal bruxism indicate that it may confer reduction in...

The Mashona mole rat, Cryptomys darlingi, is a social, subterranean African rodent that is rarely, if ever, exposed to light, and that exhibits a regressed visual system. This study investigated locomotor activity patterns of Mashona mole rats (n=12) under different light cycles. Activity was measured using either infrared captors (n=8) or running wheels (n=4). The mole rats entrained their act...