In this study, an approach using influent COD/N ratio reduction was employed to improve process performance and nitrification efficiency in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). Besides sludge reduction, membrane fouling alleviation was observed during 330 d operation, which was attributed to the decreased production of soluble microbial products (SMP) and efficient carbon metabolism in the autotrophic ...

A pilot-scale primary maturation pond was spiked with (15)N-labelled ammonia ((15)NH(4)Cl) and (15)N-labelled nitrite (Na(15)NO(2)), in order to improve current understanding of the dynamics of inorganic nitrogen transformations and removal in WSP systems. Stable isotope analysis of delta(15)N showed that nitrification could be considered as an intermediate step in WSP, which is masked by simul...

In 1912, one of us (C. F.) experimented with antiberi-beri vitamine to see if it could act as a coferment in alcoholic fermentation. The experiments were unsuccessful at that time, but now through the wurk of Williams,l Bachmann,% and Eddy and Stevenson3 the subject has attained new interest.. Their results seem to prove that vit.amine act,ivity can be measured by the growth of yeast cells, and...

In this study, the start-up of a lab-scale OLAND RBC was examined. After 221 days of operation, a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 2092 mg N/L.d or 6261 mg N/m.d and a removal efficiency of about 91% were observed. During six operational periods, different supplements were added to the influent and several operational variables were manipulated. The influence of adding hydroxylamine, Dranco com...

Nitrification is the process that converts ammonium to nitrate and thus links the regeneration of organic nitrogen to fixed nitrogen loss by denitrification. The first step, oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, is performed by a phylogenetically restricted group of proteobacteria (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOB) and Crenarchaea (ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOA). The second step is restricted to nit...

One of the main challenging issues for aerobic nitrifying granules in treating high strength ammonia wastewater is the long granulation time required for activated sludge to transform into aerobic granules. The present study provides a novel strategy for enhancing aerobic nitrifying granulation by applying an intensity of 48.0mT static magnetic field. The element analysis showed that the applie...

Novel nitrogen removal technologies via nitrite pathway attract increasing interest in recent years. In this study, batch experiments were performed to investigate nitrite accumulation characteristics and shifts in nitrifying community structure at different growth environments including ammonia concentration, pH and alkalinity. It was found that nitrite accumulation ratios were maintained at a...

The metal chelator and anti-oxidant pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) has been used extensively in studies implicating reactive oxygen intermediates in the activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). In agreement with other studies, we have shown that PDTC inhibits NFκB activation in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 (IL1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). However, we have f...

This paper presents an assessment model for human resource management in health. This methodological research was structured through indicators tested in evaluative research. The Basic Operational Standard for Human Resources in the Unified National Health System (NOB/RH-SUS) was used as the baseline, and the following dimensions were analyzed: work management, workers' development, workers' he...

As a follow-up on a study of a family of boron-oxygen-nitrogen compounds composed of two datively bonded B-O-N backbones, we investigate a similar series of compounds that have similar fragments but are covalently bonded. B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) quantum mechanical calculations have been performed to determine the minimum-energy geometries, vibrational frequencies, and thermochemical properties of the ...