OBJECTIVES The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and complications of combined noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and assisted coughing by mechanical in-exsufflator (MIE) for acute respiratory failure (ARF) in children with neuromuscular disease (NMD). METHODS A prospective study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit. Children with NMD and ARF treated by combined NIV and MIE...

Nivalenol (NIV) is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi that frequently contaminates agricultural commodities. Dietary administration of NIV to adult mice affects the renal glomeruli, but data about NIV toxicity in human infants are limited. To evaluate the effects of NIV on infant kidneys, 3-week-old male ICR-derived glomerulonephritis (ICGN) and ICR mice were administered 0, 4...

Current respiratory management paradigms recommend tracheotomy for ventilator-dependent patients. The review by SHNEERSON and SIMONDS [1] published in the European Respiratory Journal on the current use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in neuromuscular disorders does little to dispel this paradigm. The authors note that "nasal and face masks are usually the first choice" for NIV interfaces, and...

BACKGROUND Acute respiratory failure is the main cause of admission to intensive care unit in immunocompromised patients. In this subset of patients, the beneficial effects of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as compared to standard oxygen remain debated. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) is an alternative to standard oxygen or NIV, and its use in hypoxemic patients has been growing. T...

OBJECTIVE To analyze prospectively the factors related to the success of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic airflow limitation (CAFL) and to generate a multiple regression model in order to detect which patients can be successfully treated by this method. SETTING A respiratory medicine ward of a referral hospital. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL RESULTS I...

BACKGROUND There is paucity of data from India on the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in acute respiratory failure (ARF). In this observational study, we report the indications and outcomes of patients requiring NIV in the respiratory ICU of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS All patients with ARF requiring NIV were included in the study. NIV was delivered through critical care ventilator...

OBJECTIVE Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD) is an endemic, age-related degenerative osteoarthropathy and its cause is hypothesised to involve Fusarium mycotoxins. This study investigated the Fusarium mycotoxin Nivalenol (NIV) on the metabolism of bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. DESIGN The effect 0.0-0.5 µg/ml NIV on transcript levels of types I and II collagen, aggrecan, matrix metalloprotein...

Nipah virus (NiV) was first recognized in 1998 in a zoonotic disease outbreak associated with highly lethal febrile encephalitis in humans and a predominantly respiratory disease in pigs. Periodic deadly outbreaks, documentation of person-to-person transmission, and the potential of this virus as an agent of agroterror reinforce the need for effective means of therapy and prevention. In this re...

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF), which was originally described decades ago, underwent a rebirth after reports of successful use in 1989. Over the following 18 years the literature on NIV has grown substantially. This paper summarizes the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on NIV for acute respiratory failure. We conducted an extensive literature ...

INTRODUCTION To define approach of pulmonologists in Turkey to noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) use for chronic respiratory failure (CRF), the most currently applied technique for home mechanical ventilation. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 38-question survey, developed and tested by the authors, was distributed throughout Turkey to 2205 pulmonologists by e-mail. RESULT Twenty-seven percent ...