When used as a photocatalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) absorbs only ultraviolet light, and several approaches, including the use of dopants such as nitrogen, have been taken to narrow the band gap of TiO(2). We demonstrated a conceptually different approach to enhancing solar absorption by introducing disorder in the surface layers of nanophase TiO(2) through hydrogenation. We showed that diso...

A new reagent for the chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay is described. LAL was formulated for optimal performance in either an endpoint procedure or a kinetic procedure with the chromogenic substrate, buffer, and LAL components colyophilized as a single reagent. The kinetic chromogenic method required an incubating microplate reader coupled to a computer for collection and analysi...

A simple, accurate method is described for quantitatively determining the protein content of sputum by use of the biuret reaction. Fitteen mechanically homogenized specimens were examined with the biuret reagent described by Rosenthal and Cundiff, and the results compared with those obtained by the microKjeldahl technique. Over a range of 542 to 1917 mg of protein per 100 ml, the techniques cor...

Serotransferrin (STF)** [l] and lactotransferrin (LTF) [2] are iron binding glycoproteins and the iron complex formed by LTF is known to be more stable especially at low pH [2]. It has generally been accepted that two or three tyrosine residues are involved in complex formation with each atom of Fe3+ in the molecule of STF [3-61 and LTF [7,8], Electron paramagnetic resonance studies have shown ...

The environments of the two sulfhydryl groups of procine muscle adenylate kinase have been investigated by chemical modification reactions. The results indicate that the environments of the two-SH groups of procine muscle adenylate kinase are markedly different and that substrates induce conformational changes in the enzyme in the region of the sulfhydryl groups. The fluorogenic reagent 7-chlor...

BACKGROUND The improved reagent for measuring estradiol (E2), the ST AIA-PACK iE2 reagent, has a higher specificity for the measurement of E2 levels than the original ST AIA-PACK E2 reagent, because of its lower cross-reactivity with estrone (E1). As we had E2 data obtained with either of the reagents, we analyzed changes in E1 and E2 levels during follicle development. METHODS The study incl...

Carbon]carbon bond formation is the essence of organic synthesis and the reductive dimerization of carbonyl derivatives is a most valuable method for establishing carbon]carbon bonds. Since the time Kagan demonstrated a simple preparation of samarium diiodide from samarium metal and 1,2-diiodoethane, SmI2 has been developed as a mild, neutral and versatile single electron transfer reductant. It...

Since an unbalanced excess of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) causes various diseases, determination of antioxidants that can counter oxidative stress is important in food and biological analyses. Optical/electrochemical nanosensors have attracted attention in antioxidant activity (AOA) assessment because of their increased sensitivity and selectivity. Optical sensors offer advantage...

Nitrogen-bridged donor-acceptor multifused dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole (DTPBT) and dibenzothiadiazolopyrrolothiophene (DBTPT) were successfully synthesized by intramolecular Cadogan annulation. The electron-deficient benzothiadiazole unit in DTPBT can be converted to benzoselenadiazole and quinoxaline moieties through reduction/cyclization to generate dithienopyrrolobenzoselenadiazole (DTPB...

In the present work, a theoretical study on the deactivation of triplet excited (T(1)) state thioxanthone (TX) by indole (INH) was performed, based on density functional theory calculations. Three feasible pathways, namely direct electron transfer from INH to T(1) state TX, electron transfer followed by proton transfer from INH(.+) to TX(.-), and H-atom transfer from nitrogen of INH to keto oxy...