ABSTRACT The objectives of the present study are to determine the cycle and budget of nitrogen in larviculture ponds of the swimming crab Portunus rrituberculatus and to evaluate their impact on water quality and survival rate. Field surveys were carried out at the Hiroshima Prefecture Fish Farming Center from 1990 to 1993. Among nitrogenous compounds. concentrations of NH -N and particulate or...

When evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. So, Senior Manager and Budget...

Abstract. Assessing nutrient critical load exceedances requires complete and accurate atmospheric deposition budgets for reactive nitrogen (Nr). The exceedance is the total amount of Nr deposited to ecosystem in excess load, which input below harmful effects do not occur. Total includes all forms (i.e., organic inorganic) by wet dry pathways. Here we present results from Southern Appalachian Ni...

Recent measurements of reactive trace gas species in volcanic plumes have offered intriguing hints at the chemistry occurring in the hot environment at volcanic vents. This has led to the recognition that volcanic vents should be regarded not only as passive sources of volcanic gases to the atmosphere, but also as 'reaction vessels' that unlock otherwise inert volcanic and atmospheric gas speci...

Traditionally, cyanobacterial activity in oceanic photic layers was considered responsible for the marine pelagic dinitrogen (N2) fixation. Other potentially N2-fixing bacteria and archaea have also been detected in the pelagic water column, however, the activity and importance of these non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) remain poorly constrained. In this perspective we summarize the N2 fixa...

New Zealand’s success in raising agricultural productivity has been accompanied by higher input use, leading to adverse effects on the environment. Until recently, analysis of farm performance has tended to ignore such negative externalities. The current emphasis on environmental issues has led dairy farmers to target improvements in both environmental performance and productivity. Therefore, m...

Introduction: Micrometeorites represent the largest mass flux of extraterrestrial matter on Earth, and could have contributed significantly to the budget of volatile and biogenic elements at the Earth’s surface in the past [1]. Previous studies have shown that Antarctic micrometeorites (AMMs) have variable, and sometimes very high noble gas contents up to one order of magnitude higher than Orgu...

the relationship between added value of economic activities and the governments budget along with the impact of this budget on the employment of economic activities are among the issues that economic decision-makers and analysts assume to be crucial. classification of statistical data has not yet allowed experts and decision-makers to evaluate the governments role in production and employment i...

Wildlife refuges are sites of dense aggregations of wintering waterfowl. Refuge managers are concerned about local water-quality effects and the amount of birdborne nutrient load that might cause eutrophication in roosting ponds and(or) be exported to downstream systems. We initiated this research effort to test the hypothesis that daily feeding migrations by geese represented a significant sou...

A major impediment to understanding long-term changes in the marine nitrogen (N) cycle is the persistent uncertainty about the rates, distribution, and sensitivity of its largest fluxes in the modern ocean. We use a global ocean circulation model to obtain the first 3-D estimate of marine denitrification rates that is maximally consistent with available observations of nitrate deficits and the ...