Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. A family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) acts as primary sensors that detect a wide variety of microbial components and elicit innate immune responses. All TLR signaling pathways culminate in activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB), which controls the expression of an array of inflammatory cytoki...

The inflammatory pathway has a pivotal role in regulating the fate and functions of cells after a wide range of stimuli, including ionizing radiation. However, the molecular mechanisms governing such responses have not been completely elucidated yet. In particular, the complex activation dynamics of the Nuclear transcription Factor kB (NF-kB), the key molecule governing the inflammatory pathway...

Background. Deposition of polymeric IgA1 (pIgA) in kidney mesangium is the hallmark of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Current consensus is that a fraction of IgA1 molecules in the circulation of IgAN patients exhibit aberrant structures or properties that may lead to their deposition. Our previous findings suggest that the anionic property of IgA1 may play a role in mesangial IgA1 deposition in patien...

The molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of erythromycin (EM) was investigated at the level of transcriptional regulation of cytokine gene expression in T cells. EM (>10 M) significantly inhibited interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression but not IL-2 expression from T cells induced with 20 ng of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) per ml plus 2 mM calcium ionophore (P-I). In electrophor...

BACKGROUND Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that has a neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system. The amphetamine derivative (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) is a synthetic amphetamine analogue used recreationally to obtain an enhanced affiliated emotional response. MDMA is a potent monoaminergic neurotoxin with the potential of damage to brain neuron...

Shenkar, Robert, Ho-Kee Yum, John Arcaroli, John Kupfner, and Edward Abraham. Interactions between CBP, NF-kB, and CREB in the lungs after hemorrhage and endotoxemia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 281: L418–L426, 2001.—The transcriptional regulatory factor nuclear factor (NF)-kB has a central role in modulating expression of proinflammatory mediators that are important in acute lung injury...

PURPOSE The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the expression of miR-146a gene, its adaptor genes (TRAF6, NF-KB, and IRAK1), and possible changes in the cellular signaling pathway in diabetic hippocampus tissue. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats are randomly selected and divided into control and diabetic (n=6) groups. Diabetes induced by the single-dose injection of nicotinamide [110 ...

The Epstein–Barr virus oncoprotein latent infection membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a constitutively aggregated pseudo-tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) that activates transcription factor NF-kB through two sites in its C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. One site is similar to activated TNFRII in associating with TNFR-associated factors TRAF1 and TRAF2, and the second site is similar to TNFRI in a...

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is an aggressive neoplasm due to high frequency of recurrence after surgical resection and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Activation of transcription factor NF-kB signaling pathway has been recognized for involvement in progression of various malignant neoplasms. The role of NF-kB pathway in FLHCC has not been studied to date. Fo...