background: regular aerobic exercise improves the background: regular aerobic exercise improves the inflammatory status in different lung diseases. however, the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on the lung response have not been investigated. the present study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise on the lung inflammatory. m aterials and methods: 12 adult male wistar rats were divided t...

We have recently reported that osteopontin (OPN) stimulates tumor growth and activation of promatrix metalloproteinase-2 (pro-MMP-2) through nuclear factor B (NF B)-mediated induction of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in murine melanoma cells (Philip, S., Bulbule, A., and Kundu, G. C. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 44926–44935). However, the molecular mechanism by which OPN acti...

Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) plays an important role in integrating the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and CD28 signals to achieve efficient NF-κB activation. PDK1 is also an important regulator of T cell development, mediating pre-TCR induced proliferation signals. However, the role of PDK1 in B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling and B cell development remains largely unknown. ...

BACKGROUND I-kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2 or IKK-beta) is one of the most crucial signaling kinases for activation of NF-kappa B, a transcription factor that is important for inflammation, cell survival and differentiation. Since many NF-kappa B activating pathways converge at the level of IKK2, molecular interactions of this kinase are pivotal for regulation of NF-kappa B signaling. METHODOLOGY/PR...

PURPOSE Hypoxia, frequently found in the center of solid tumor, is associated with resistance to chemotherapy by activation of signaling pathways that regulate cell pro-liferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. We determined whether hypoxia can increase the resistance of human pancreatic carcinoma cells to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, ...

Exposure of mice to total body irradiation induces nuclear factor B (NF B) activation in a tissue-specific manner. In addition to the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow, the tissues that exhibit NF B activation now include the newly identified site of the intestinal epithelial cells. NF B activated by total body irradiation mainly consists of NF B p50/RelA heterodimers, and genetically target...