the informal settlements are those parts of city which have been formed without plan or minimum facilities and services. therefore, they are considered as priorities in management cities for services and improving quality of life. in this regard, it is important to get solutions to make positive changes with the lowest cost and direct intervention. therefore, this study aims to explore the link...

stefan problem with kinetics is reduced to a system of nonlinear volterra integral equations of second kind and newton's method is applied to linearize it. product integration solution of the linear form is found and sufficient conditions for convergence of the numerical method are given. an example is provided to illustrated the applicability of the method.

strategic environmental assessment can be viewed as a process to integrate the concept ofsustainable development into planning. in this context, sea can be regarded as a method that regulates theplanning process to a state of sustainable development. however, to reach that goal it is necessary to achieve full integration of planning and the sea process.therefore this paper considers the integra...

Database for On–Line Function Approximation (DOLFA) is a storage/retrieval chemistry–acceleration scheme that is based on Pope’s ISAT method [S.B. Pope Combust. Theory Modell. 1:41-63, 1997]. Recent developments in DOLFA are reviewed and the effective usage of DOLFA in multidimensional in-cylinder CFD is discussed. Highly nonhomogeneous systems with direct in-cylinder liquid fuel injection are ...

Meshfree Collocation Method is used to solve linear two-dimensional problems. This method differs from weak form methods such as Galerkin method and no cellular networking and no numerical  integration. Therefore, this method has no constraints such as the integration accuracy and the integration CPU time, and equations can be isolated directly from the strong form of governing PDE. The fundame...

In a distribution ray tracer, the crucial part of the direct lighting calculation is the sampling strategy for shadow ray testing. Monte Carlo integration with importance sampling is used to carry out this calculation. Importance sampling involves the design of integrand-speci c probability density functions which are used to generate sample points for the numerical quadrature. Probability dens...