Centrality describes the importance of nodes in a graph and is modeled by various measures. Its global analogue, called centralization, general formula for calculating graph-level centrality score based on node-level measure. The latter enables us to compare graphs extent which connections given network are concentrated single vertex or group vertices. One measures social analysis harmonic cent...

Racial disparities have been suggested in hospital utilization and outcome for lung cancer surgery, but the effect of hospital centralization on closing this gap is unknown. We hypothesized that centralization has increased the utilization of high- or very-high-volume (HV/VHV) hospitals, a proxy for access to high-quality care, over the study period independently from race.Inpatient records wer...

It is often argued that energy policy is too fragmented across EU Member States and should be “Europeanized” to pave the way towards an efficiently organized European power system, which rest on the internal market for energy and a pan-European super-grid. However, this view neglects i) the factual heterogeneity of European energy policies in terms of harmonization and centralization, ii) econo...