in this article differential transformation method (dtms) has been used to solve neutral functional-differential equations with proportional delays. the method can simply be applied to many linear and nonlinear problems and is capable of reducing the size of computational work while still providing the series solution with fast convergence rate. exact solutions can also be obtained from the kno...

BC of soils (van Breemen et al., 1983). Soil acidification may be defined as the loss of ANC and does not necesIn Slovakia H input into soils is increasing because alkaline dust sarily result in the decrease of the soil equilibrium pH emissions have been reduced since 1990. Our objectives were to exam(van Breemen et al., 1983). Süsser (1987) described ine (i) the metal release in H buffer react...

We studied soil nematode communities from the surface of granite flatrock outcrops in the eastern Piedmont region of the United States. The thin soils that develop here experience high light intensity and extreme fluctuations in temperature and moisture and host unique plant communities. We collected soils from outcrop microsites in Virginia (VA) and North Carolina (NC) in various stages of suc...

Expansive soils swell when they absorb water and shrink when water evaporates from them. Hence, lightly loaded civil engineering structures founded in these soils are subjected to severe distress. Therefore, there is a need to ameliorate or improve these swelling soils through some innovative methods. This paper discusses chemical stabilisation of expansive soils, a technique in which chemical ...

Despite its environmental (and financial) importance, there is no agreement in the literature as to which extractant most accurately estimates the phytoavailability of trace metals in soils. A large data set was taken from the literature, and the effectiveness of various extractants to predict the phytoavailability of Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb examined across a range of soil types and contaminatio...

The objective of this study was to examine the alkalithermophilic actinomycete communities in the subtropical environment of Jujuy, Argentina, characterized by sugarcane crops. Laceyella putida, Laceyella sacchari, Thermoactinomyces intermedius, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Thermoflavimicrobium dichotomicum were isolated on the media with novobiocin, from sugar cane plants and renewal rhizosp...

Salvia indica L., which belongs to section Aethiopis, is a perennial herb usually growing on rocky limestone slopes and Quercus scrubs in the Southeast Anatolia. In this study, the morphological, anatomical and palynological characteristics of this species using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) have been investigated. In addition, nutlet morphology, emended and expanded description, phenology...

The proximate functions of animal skin colour are difficult to assign as they can result from natural selection, sexual selection or neutral evolution under genetic drift. Most often colour patterns are thought to signal visual stimuli; so,their presence in subterranean taxa is perplexing. We evaluate the adaptive nature of colour patterns in nearly a third of all known species of caecilians, a...

Matching biosolids application rates to crop phosphorus (P) needs requires quantifying the P fertilizer replacement value of biosolids. Neutral ammonium citrate (NAC) extraction of P, used for assessing available P in mineral fertilizers, was evaluated for 35 different biosolids. Biosolids NAC-P was not statistically different (p 1⁄4 0.05) from total P using strong acid digestion (EPA 3051-P). ...

The concentrations of atrazine in the freshly added soils and the soils that had been incubated for 50 days significantly decreased 1 day after the addition of the enzyme atrazine chlorohydrolase or the soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP as compared with those in the uninoculated soils. Atrazine chlorohydrolase or ADP had no effect on the degradation of metolachlor. The half-lives of atr...