Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme which converts the glutamic acid to the neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that inhibits or weakens the neuronal stimulations. Presynaptic GABAergic neurons in the central neurons system (CNS) and the cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas generate GAD. There are two isoforms of GAD n...

OBJECTIVE This report describes the main clinical features associated with specific reading disability (RD) in a group of 778 school-age children studied in a Neuropsychological Clinic in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed retrospectively, using data abstracted from clinical records of subjects seen in 1995-1996. Children were mainly from low and middle economic strata ...

Occupational therapists have many intervention tools available for working with clients having a neurological injury; however, some of the most innovative and effective methods have not gained acceptance by many clinicians. Emerging research and new technologies provide occupational therapists with a multitude of treatment strategies and novel devices, but incorporation of those tools into clin...

OBJECTIVES To assess the incidence and circumstances of falls among stroke patients in a rehabilitation ward, the frequency of fall-related fractures, the relationship between falls and rehabilitation outcomes, and risk factors for falls. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Neurological rehabilitation ward. PATIENTS In total 1155 patients (56% men; mean age 61.5 +/- 14.3 years...

Objective Kinesio taping is a relatively new technique, which uses in rehabilitation of neurologic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Kinesio taping on hand grip and active range of motion of hand in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Materials and Methods In this experimental study with pre-test and three post-tests, 32 children with CP randomly were placed in ...

Music listening and music making activities are powerful tools to engage multisensory and motor networks, induce changes within these networks, and foster links between distant, but functionally related brain regions with continued and life-long musical practice. These multimodal effects of music together with music's ability to tap into the emotion and reward system in the brain can be used to...

OBJECTIVE To explore perceptions of goal setting from the perspective of patients, lay carers and rehabilitation staff. DESIGN Semi-structured interviews analysed independently by 2 researchers using content analysis. SETTING Neurological rehabilitation inpatient unit for adults. SUBJECTS Four samples of 10 subjects each, comprising: (i) inpatients, (ii) patients discharged within the las...

Recent discoveries about how the central nervous system responds to injury and how patients reacquire lost behaviours by training have yielded promising new therapies for neurorehabilitation. Until recently, this field had been largely static, but the current melding of basic behavioural science with neuroscience promises entirely new approaches to improving behavioural, perceptual and cognitiv...

The goal of the present paper was to study if a similar neurophysiological process is required for treating violations of both arithmetical rules and linguistic syntactic structures. It has been shown that syntactic violations elicit the P600/syntactic positive shift (SPS) component, reflecting secondary parsing processes or repairing of an incorrect syntactic structure. However, late positivit...

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently issued a new suite of funding opportunities for neurotherapeutics development. The goals are to build a contiguous bridge from basic science, accelerate the advancement of promising projects to clinical testing with the contributions of multidisciplinary teams, and enhance han...