The objective of this study was to develop a framework describing the milk production curve in sows as affected by parity, method of milk yield (MY) determination, litter size (LS), and litter gain (LG). A database containing data on LS, LG, dietary protein and fat content, MY, and composition measured on more than 1 d during lactation and method for determining MY from peer reviewed publicatio...

Ten crossbred sows were used per treatment to determine production and composition of milk and litter growth. Treatment 1 consisted of a basal diet plus animal fat from d 109 of gestation until farrowing, then only the basal diet through lactation. Treatment 2 was the same level of basal diet plus animal fat from d 109 of gestation to d 21 of lactation. Treatment 3 was the basal diet plus corns...

The modern dairy cow has been selected over generations for high milk production, with many successful dairy operations averaging over 13,500 kg of milk per lactation cycle per cow. This amount of nutrient output in the form of milk components puts a tremendous amount of pressure on the metabolism of the dairy cow, especially during early lactation. In fact, it is common to all mammals, includi...

The period immediately prior to and following calving, is associated with extensive biological and logistical adaptations. During this time frame, cows and heifers must adjust to the physical and biological transition from pregnancy to lactation as well as environmental changes such as new rations (ingredient and energy density alterations) and pen relocation. In addition, cows in this transiti...

Mothers of eastern wood rats (Neotoma floridana) normally invest their lactation energy equally in male and female offspring, but alter that investment when their food is severely restricted during lactation. The effect of the altered investment is a significant bias against males in both mortality and growth.

A considerable volume of research in the energy metabolism of dairy cows has been undertaken over the last 2 decades. The purpose of the present review is to reflect on the impact of these studies on the UK metabolisable energy (ME) system, and other net energy (NE) systems, and validate these systems using published calorimetric data. The NE requirement for maintenance (NE ) in the UK ME syste...

Peripheral and hypothalamic mechanisms underlying the hyperphagia of lactation have been investigated in sheep. Sheep were fed ad libitum and killed at 6 and 18 days of lactation; ad libitum-fed nonlactating sheep were killed as controls. Despite increased food intake, lactating ewes were in negative energy balance. Lactation decreased plasma leptin and adipose tissue leptin mRNA concentrations...

this research was conducted to study the nutrient balance condition of dairy cattle in semi industrial dairy farms of sought west of tehran province (eslamshahr) by the questionnaire techniques. the farms based on the herd were categorized in 6 group as follows: 1(1-30), 2(31-60).3(61-100), 4(100-130), 5(130-200) and 200 heads upward. the 30 farms have been selected randomly based on the random...

Fatty acids in milk are one of the most important components of milk. The aim of this study was to determinate relationships between groups of fatty acids and body condition score change in Czech Fleckvieh cows. Fatty acids were classificated along its length of chain and its origin. A total of 50 Czech Fleckvieh cows with different parity were included to observation. During the first 4 weeks ...

I . The energy values of the diets of twenty-three women who were breast-feeding and thirty-two who were bottle-feeding their babies were determined by 7 d weighed surveys. All the subjects were healthy and living at home, and their babies were thriving. The lactating mothers took, on average, 591 kcal (2.5 MJ)/d more than those who were not lactating. 2. Both groups were losing weight, on aver...