To understand the neural mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of crossing nerve transfer for brachial plexus injuries in human patients, we investigated the cortical responses after crossing nerve transfer in mice using conventional and tomographic optical imaging. The distal cut ends of the left median and ulnar nerves were connected to the central cut ends of the right median and uln...

Over a 5-year-period, 26 infants underwent a partial transfer of the spinal accessory nerve into the suprascapular nerve using a nerve graft, as part of the repair of a brachial plexus birth injury. At a minimum follow-up of 2.5 years, all children had shoulder function of Grade 4 or better using a modified Gilbert Scale. Average lateral rotation was measured at 53 degrees.

Organophosphorous compounds have been employed as pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents. Toxicity of organophosphorous compounds is a result of excessive cholinergic stimulation through inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase. Clinical manifestations include cholinergic syndromes, central nervous system and cardiovascular disorders. Organophosphorous pesticide poisonings are common in develo...

Background: Functional free gracilis muscle transfer is an operative procedure for elbow reconstruction in patients with complete brachial plexus nerve and avulsion injuries and in delayed or prolonged nerve denervation, as well as in patients with inadequate upper extremity function after primary nerve reconstruction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our patient records and identified 24 p...

One pattern of injury to the brachial plexus shows recovery of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves but little else. These patients have useful shoulders and functional elbow flexion, but elbow and wrist extension is weak or absent. Their hand function is negligible. We restored hand function in three such patients using free functioning muscle transfer for finger flexion and transfer of the sen...

background: considering the common origin of skin and peripheral nervous system, a tube of dermal layer of skin hypothetically can be an ideal conduit for nerve reconstruction. an experimental study performed to evaluate the nerve regeneration of efficacy into a dermal tube. methods: sixty male wistar rats were used. a 10 mm gap was produced in right sciatic nerves. in group a the autogenous ne...

For patients diagnosed with advanced malignant parotid tumour, radical parotidectomy facial nerve sacrifice is part of the treatment. Multiple surgical techniques have been developed to cure paralysis in order restore function and aesthetics face. Despite large number publications over time on reanimation, a consensus timing procedure or donor graft selection has remained be established. Theref...

BACKGROUND Temporalis muscle transfer produces prompt surgical results with a one-stage operation in facial palsy patients. The orthodromic method is surgically simple, and the vector of muscle action is similar to the temporalis muscle action direction. This article describes transferring temporalis muscle insertion to reconstruct incomplete facial nerve palsy patients. METHODS Between Augus...

Traditionally, the degeneration of the motor endplates has placed a limit on the accepted delay for nerve reconstruction. Nerve transfers have helped to deliver growing axons very close to the target muscles so that the postoperative denervation is shortened. Despite efforts at spreading awareness of surgical indications, there are instances where the patient presents late to a specialized brac...

BACKGROUND In recent years, distal nerve transfers have become a valid tool for nerve reconstruction. Though grafts remain the gold standard for proximal median nerve injuries, a new distal transfer of flexor carpi ulnaris branches of the ulnar nerve to selectively restore anterior interosseous nerve function, concomitant with median nerve graft repair, could enhance outcomes. The objective of ...