It is the thesis of this review that the origin of the intercurrent facilitation at 50 to 400 msec in the standard recovery curve of the H reflex, evoked with paired stimuli, is a complex. It is composed importantly of central feedback effects from the conditioning reflex contraction, influences mediated by cutaneous group III afferent nerve fibres excited by the percutaneous stimulus, and with...

In flesh flies Neobellieria bullata, we investigated a resistance reflex that maintains upright head posture around the roll axis relative to the thorax. The gain of the reflex depends upon the fly's behavioral state: moving flies immediately correct 90 % of the amplitude of experimentally imposed roll perturbations, returning the head almost to the fully upright position; motionless flies allo...

In developing limb skin, peripheral nerves are required for arterial differentiation, and guide the pattern of arterial branching. In vitro experiments suggest that nerve-derived VEGF may be important for arteriogenesis, but its role in vivo remains unclear. Using a series of nerve-specific Cre lines, we show that VEGF derived from sensory neurons, motoneurons and/or Schwann cells is required f...

BACKGROUND This study sought to assess the vestibulo-cochlear organ in patients meeting radiologic criteria of vascular compression syndrome (VCS) of the eighth cranial nerve. MATERIAL/METHODS The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 34 patients (18 women, 16 men; mean age, 49 years) treated in between 2000 and 2007, with VCS of the eighth cranial nerve by MRI. Contrasted magnetic re...

This paper focuses on the effects of closed- control on the calculation of the dynamic load carrying capacity (DLCC) for mobile-base flexible-link manipulators. In previously proposed methods in the literature of DLCC calculation in flexible robots, an open-loop control scheme is assumed, whereas in reality, robot control is achieved via closed loop approaches which could render the calculated ...

In annelid worms, the nerve cord serves as a crucial organ to control the sensory and behavioral physiology. The inadequate genome resource of earthworms has prioritized the comprehensive analysis of their transcriptome dataset to monitor the genes express in the nerve cord and predict their role in the neurotransmission and sensory perception of the species. The present study focuses on identi...

We establish an explicit comparison between two constructions in homotopy theory: the left adjoint of coherent nerve functor, also known as rigidification and Kan loop groupoid functor. This is achieved by considering localizations unraveling a construction Hinich, using sequence operators originally introduced Szczarba 1961. As result, we obtain several combinatorial models for path category s...

Implant placement has now become the lifeline of dentistry, but most aspect its treatment begins with diagnosis patients condition.Rehabilitating dental implants require thorough evaluation implant site.All vital structures need to be evaluated and a safe distance should maintained while planning for like nasal floor, maxillary sinus in region mental foramen, inferior alveolar nerve sublingual ...

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) mediate rapid excitatory synaptic transmission throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems. They transduce binding of nerve-released ACh into opening of an intrinsic channel, yet the structural basis underlying transduction is not fully understood. Previous studies revealed a principal transduction pathway in which alphaArg 209 of the pre-M1 d...

This exploratory study assessed the pattern of closed-loop baroreflex resetting using multi-logistic-curve analysis. Operating point gain and ranges of RR-interval (RRI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) are derived to examine how these relate to sympathetic activation. Sustained low-intensity isometric handgrip exercise, with a period of post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO), provided a m...