OBJECTIVE To examine the association of sunlight exposure and antioxidant level with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Four thousand seven hundred fifty-three participants aged 65 years or older in the European Eye Study underwent fundus photography, were interviewed for adult lifetime sunlight exposure, and gave blood for antioxidant analysis. Blue light exposure was estimated ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To demonstrate how spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) can better evaluate drusen and associated anatomical changes in eyes with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared with time domain optical coherence tomography (TDOCT). METHODS Images were obtained from three eyes of three patients with AMD using an experimental SDOCT system. Both a...

OBJECTIVE To examine the intake of antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids as well as fruits and vegetables in relation to the development of age-related maculopathy (ARM). METHODS We conducted a prospective follow-up study of women in the Nurses' Health Study and men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We followed 77 562 women and 40 866 men who were at least 50 years of age and had no...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. The ARMS2 gene has been found to be associated with AMD. Currently, intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) treatment is one of the widely used treatments for neovascular AMD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the genotype of ARMS2 rs10490924 polymorphism and IVR treatment respon...

We report the rescue results of intravitreal aflibercept in patients with treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We retrospectively analyzed eyes with neovascular AMD resistant to posterior subtenon triamcinolone, intravitreal ranibizumab, and/or bevacizumab treatment in a tertiary medical center in middle Taiwan between December 2013 and October 2014. We then s...

With the advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, clinicians are now focused on various treatment strategies to better control neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD), a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Herein, we retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with treatment-naïve NVAMD initially classified based on fluorescein angiography (FA) alone...

PURPOSE To report the results of switching treatment to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Trap-Eye (aflibercept) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) refractory to anti-VEGF (ranibizumab and bevacizumab). METHODS This is a retrospective study involving 32 eyes from 29 patients; 18 were cases of neovascular AMD and 14 were ca...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 50 in developed countries. Understanding of the pathologic process, genetic mechanisms, and risk factors of this disease has the benefit of seeking newer and more effective treatment options. Current clinical therapy for AMD shows a dramatic change from a decade ago. Anti-VEGF drug therapy is regarded as the...

PURPOSE To determine the cumulative incidence and annual incidence of intraocular hemorrhage (subretinal hemorrhage or vitreous hemorrhage) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and association with daily antiplatelet or anticoagulant (AP/AC) medication usage (aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin), age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or bilateral neovascula...