Undulatory locomotion is common to nematodes as well as to limbless vertebrates, but its control is not understood in spite of the identification of hundred of genes involved in Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion. To reveal the mechanisms of nematode undulatory locomotion, we quantitatively analysed the movement of C. elegans with genetic perturbations to neurons, muscles, and skeleton (cuticle)...

We investigated the synthesis and localization of Drosophila pupal cuticle proteins by immunochemical techniques using both a complex antiserum and monoclonal antibodies. A set of low molecular weight (15,000-25,000) pupal cuticle proteins are synthesized by the imaginal disk epithelium before pupation. After pupation, synthesis of the low molecular weight proteins ceases and a set of unrelated...

background: among the infectious organisms of parasitic origin, gastrointestinal nematodes are very important as they have been reported worldwide. the main aim of the present research study to highlight the annual epidemiological contributing factors associated with the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and their control in sheep. methods: a total 1200 faecal samples (100 per month) wer...

The degree of plasticization of the alloscutal cuticle of a 'hard' (ixodid) tick, Amblyomma hebraeum, and a 'soft' (argasid) tick, Ornithodoros moubata, was assessed throughout the blood-feeding period. Cuticle viscosity was calculated from rate of creep of cuticle under constant load using a Maxwell model. Feeding-related plasticization (i.e. increased rate of extension under a constant load) ...

BACKGROUND A leaf cuticle has different structures and functions as a barrier to water loss and as protection from various environmental stressors. METHODS Leaves of Panax ginseng were examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the characteristics and development of the epicuticular structure. RESULTS Along the epidermal wall surface, the un...

abstract in order to identify plant parasitic nematodes of potato fields, 55 soil samples and a few tuber samples were collected from khorasan razavi province during 2005-2006 .soil samples were washed and nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique. the extracted nematodes were fixed and transferred to glycerin. baermann funnel method was used for extracting nematodes from tube...

The cuticle is a hydrophobic lipid layer covering the epidermal cells of terrestrial plants. Although many genes involved in Arabidopsis cuticle development have been identified, the transcriptional regulation of these genes is largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that AtCFL1 negatively regulates cuticle development by interacting with the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor HDG1. Here, we r...

Thickening of the integument as a mechanism of resistance to insecticides is a well recognised phenomenon in the insect world and, in recent times, has been found in insects exhibiting pyrethroid-resistance. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., is widespread and has been frequently inferred as a reason for the pest's resurgence. Overexpression of cu...