The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a relatively simple organism in structure, is one of the most well-studied multicellular organisms. We developed a virtual C. elegans based on the actual organism to analyze motor control. We propose a dynamic body model, including muscles, controlled by a neural circuit model based on the actual nematode. The model uses neural oscillators to ge...

root-knot nematodes ( meloidogyne spp.) are important group of plant pathogens that have extensive hosting range and are caused for significant damage to agricultural products annually. various management strategies of control on nematodes has been used, but the application of plant products is one of the promising methods for nematode control. in this study, inhibitory effect of essential oils...

Various interacting factors have been identified to explain why health plans for nematode parasite control, based on conventional epidemiological knowledge and involving pharmaceutical treatments of their sheep hosts have become unsustainable. Of these, the emergence of anthelmintic resistance has had a major impact on the economics of sheep farming, necessitating fundamental managemental chang...

Filbertworm, Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a key insect pest associated with hazelnuts, Corylus avellana L. (Fagales: Betulaceae), in North America. This study investigated the feasibility of entomopathogenic nematodes as an alternative strategy for filbertworm control. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted between October 2007 and May 2008 in Benton C...

Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria are important parasitic nematodes of vegetable and ornamental crops. Microplot and greenhouse experiments were conducted to test commercial formulations of the biocontrol agent Pasteuria penetrans for control of M. incognita on tomato and cucumber and M. arenaria on snapdragon. Three methods of application for P. penetrans were assessed including s...

BACKGROUND The phylum Nematoda is biologically diverse, including parasites of plants and animals as well as free-living taxa. Underpinning this diversity will be commensurate diversity in expressed genes, including gene sets associated specifically with evolution of parasitism. METHODS AND FINDINGS Here we have analyzed the extensive expressed sequence tag data (available for 37 nematode spe...

In our study two different chitosan with low and high molecular weight at different dilutions i.e. standard, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and 1:10 were evaluated against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica in vitro and in vivo under greenhouse conditions. In vitro results revealed that both chitosan with all used concentrations significantly reduced the egg hatching when compared to control. No...

The first written record of pineapple in Hawaii is from 1813. In 1901 commercial pineapple production started, and in 1924 the Experiment Station for pineapple research was established. Nematode-related problems were recognized in the early 1900s by N. A. Cobb. From 1920 to approximately 1945 nematode management in Hawaiian pineapple was based on fallowing and crop rotation. During the 1920s an...

The responses of 20 species of ornamental palms and one cycad (Cycas revoluta) to two populations of the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, from southern Florida were studied in two greenhouse experiments conducted in 1989-1991 and 1991-92. Ornamental palms in pots were exposed to initial population densities of 400 and 1,500 R. reniformis/l00 cm(3) soil for 16 and 15 months, respecti...

More than half of the described species of the phylum Nematoda are considered parasitic, making them one of the most successful groups of parasites. Nematodes are capable of inhabiting a wide variety of niches. A vast array of vertebrate animals, insects, and plants are all identified as potential hosts for nematode parasitization. To invade these hosts successfully, parasitic nematodes must be...