Effective measures to prevent infections from occupaonal exposure of healthcare workers to blood include mmunization against HBV, eliminating unnecessary injections, implementing Universal Precautions, eliminating needle recapping and disposing of the sharp into a sharps container immediately after use, use of safer devices such as needles that sheath or retract after use, provision and use of ...

Although protocols vary from institution to institution in South Africa, there seem to be some common threads that raise persistent ethico-Iegal problems. Most institutions require that the patient's blood should be taken and be submitted for immediate testing along with the HCW's blood. This policy might lead to an HCW or patient being told in the middle of the night that he/she is HIV-positiv...

The transmission of bloodborne viruses to healthcare workers can have serious consequences not only for clinical practice but also, because of the requirements of health and safety legislation, for their employers. In spite of guidance and education, however, many healthcare workers continue to be exposed to bloodborne viruses from percutaneous, mucocutaneous, or other injuries. An enhanced sys...