The liquefaction resistance of soil can be evaluated using laboratory tests such as cyclic simple shear, cyclic triaxial, cyclic torsional shear as well as field methods like Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Shear Wave Velocity (Vs). In this regard, this study attempts to compare the results of the SPT based on the simplified procedure proposed by Seed and Idriss...

We present a novel needle-based device for the measurement of refractive index and scattering using low-coherence interferometry. Coupled to the sample arm of an optical coherence tomography system, the device detects the scattering response of, and optical path length through, a sample residing in a fixed-width channel. We report use of the device to make near-infrared measurements of tissues ...

This study investigated the impact of using modified bitumen binders and additives to enhance physical characteristics asphalt mixtures at high, medium, low temperatures. Both basic rheological bituminous were tested by adding Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene, a type thermoplastic elastomer, as chemical additive various fractions (3.5%, 4%, 4.5%), two kinds Bitumen: Kraton styrene block copolymers Eur...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the release of rosmarinic acid (RA) from the experimental topical formulations with the Melissa officinalis L. extract and to evaluate its penetration through undamaged human skin ex vivo. The results of the in vitro release study showed that higher amounts of RA were released from the emulsion vehicle when lemon balm extract was added in its dry form. An i...

The penetration rates of 10 hydrophobic solvents through the excised abdominal rat skin were quantitatively determined by using the in vitro method reported previously. The hydrophobic solvents studied were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, n-pentane, 2-methylpentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane. There was a great diversity in the ability of the hydrophobic solvents to pen...

background and objectives: fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) is an established out- patient procedure used in primary diagnosis of palpable thyroid lesions. a modified technique fine needle capillary sampling (fncs) obviates the need of suction, is less painful, patient friendly and reported to overcome the problem of inadequate and bloody specimens. the aim of our study was to compare the...

Abstract Purpose Soil structure evolving from physical and biological processes is closely related to soil mechanical characteristics texture. We studied the influence of substrate genotype on initial development traits, differences between depths, changes over course two years in field. Methods Plots were homogeneously filled with a loam sand planted maize ( Zea mays L.) genotypes (wild type (...

INTRODUCTION Pediatric obesity threatens the efficacy of medications given intramuscularly. In anaphylactic patients, epinephrine auto-injector needle lengths are potentially too short to reach the muscle compartment in patients with elevated body habitus. The objective of the study was to determine needle-length requirements for intramuscular injections in pediatric patients. METHODS We used...

In the present paper, mechanics of puncturing is studied with refer to a foreign tool penetrating soft (nearly incompressible) target solid. The here described by sharp tipped rigid needle circular cross section. Puncturing can be characterised as Mode I fracture process, which analytically two-dimensional model related plane normal penetration axis. It shown that force required for onset depen...