Understanding which phenotypes are accessible from which genotypes is fundamental for understanding the evolutionary process. This notion of accessibility can be used to define a relation of nearness among phenotypes, independently of their similarity. Because of neutrality, phenotypes denote equivalence classes of genotypes. The definition of neighborhood relations among phenotypes relies, the...

Gaining information about the spatial layout of natural scenes is a challenging task that flies need to solve, especially when moving at high velocities. A group of motion sensitive cells in the lobula plate of flies is supposed to represent information about self-motion as well as the environment. Relevant environmental features might be the nearness of structures, influencing retinal velocity...

Matrix nearness problems have been the focus of much research in linear algebra; see, e.g., [8,9,19,32]. In particular, characterizations of the algebraic variety of normal matrices and distance measures to this variety have received considerable attention; see [10,11,13,14,16,17,23,25–27]. Normal matrices are of interest because their eigenvalues are optimally conditioned and their singular va...

Detection of design pattern methodology is based on match gain between graph vertices. This approach has the combined action power of detection normal, changed version patterns and nearness marking. This approach make use of the fact that patterns reside in one or additional inheritance hierarchies, reducing the dimensions of the graphs to that the algorithm is applied. Finally, the algorithm d...

Thin plates are subject to several imperfections (including dents) which reduce the ultimate strength of plates. In this work, nearness effect of two short dents of same size on the ultimate strength of a thin square steel plate is numerically investigated. Dents are modeled on the FE surface of the undented plate by varying the location and orientation of dents and the centre distance between ...

We show how a system of artificial adaptive agents, using a genetic algorithm based learning technique, can learn strategies that enable it to effectively participate in stylized business negotiations. The negotiation policies learned are evaluated on several dimensions, including joint outcomes, nearness to the efficient frontier, and the similarity to outcomes of human negotiations. The resul...

Fitness landscapes have proven to be a valuable concept in evolutionary biology, combinatorial optimization, and the physics of disordered systems. A fitness landscape is a mapping from a configuration space into the real numbers. The configuration space is equipped with some notion of adjacency, nearness, distance, or accessibility. Landscape theory has emerged as an attempt to devise suitable...