it is well understood that the jouisance capacity of foreigners in intellectual property rights has a paradoxical nature. on one hand and as a minimalist approach, this right is governed by private law and on the other, based on a maximalist approach; it is under the public-economic law governance. therefore, reconnaissance of jouisacne capacity is under the publican law domain. meanwhile, it i...

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This article explores the nature of cryptographic transformation and its application to the protection of data contained in files used by computer-based information systems. It presents some of the basic concepts of cryptography and structures of taxonomy of cryptographic transformations. The implications of computer oriented implementations of cryptographic protection are explored and the sign...

Social security and social protection concepts are gaining importance, especially in the Pacific Island countries (PICs). The state-led welfare and social protection system is limited in PICs, where there has been a heavy reliance on traditional, informal and non-state social protection systems which are provided through extended family, kinship, and community. The aim of the paper is to examin...

Mobile code computation is a new paradigm for structuring distributed systems. Mobile programs migrate from remote sites to a host, and interact with the resources and facilities local to that host. This new mode of distributed computation promises great opportunities for electronic commerce, mobile computing, and information harvesting. There has been a general consensus that security is the k...

In this paper we analyze the relationship between strictness of employment protection and efficiency of bankruptcy law. We argue that country’s legal tradition provides the appropriate institutional proxy to explain the nature of such relationship. We find that for civil law countries where bankruptcy procedures are more inefficient a stricter employment protection policy is enforced. For commo...

Emission of greenhouse gases and depletion of fossil fuel reserves are two key drivers, which are forcing the mankind to generate the future energy demand from the renewable energy resources. These resources are generally distributed in nature and are directly integrated at distribution levels. Increasing penetration of the distributed energy resources in distribution power networks creates add...