Nuclear genetic mutations have been extensively investigated in solid tumors. However, the role of the mitochondrial genome remains uncertain. Since the metabolism of solid tumors is associated with aerobic glycolysis and high lactate production, tumors may have mitochondrial dysfunctions. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare form‌ of colorectal cancer and an autosomal dominant inheri...

Cancer research reflects an implicit conflict. On the one hand, there is an overwhelming desire to control the disease. We all wish that. On the other hand, we would like to understand why cancer follows so many clearly defined yet puzzling patterns. Why is there such regularity in the rates of progression? Why do different tissues vary so much? There should, of course, be no conflict between c...

Macroautophagy (referred to hereafter as autophagy) is a highly regulated cellular process that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles from the cell. Autophagy contributes to an array of normal and pathological processes, and has recently emerged as a key regulator of multiple aspects of cancer biology. The role of autophagy in cancer is complex and is likely dependent on tumor type, ...

cancer treatment is still of the greatest challenges that health care providers and patients are facing. one of the unsolved problems in cancer treatment is cells’ reaction to metabolic stress caused by harsh nutritional conditions around tumor. in order to be able to treat this disease properly, it is important to understand the true nature of the disease. in fact, the cells inside the central...

introducation: cancers are the third most common cause of death in iran. colorectal cancer is an ideal tumor for screening. therefore, early diagnosis through screening can reduce its prevalence and mortality. on the other hand, knowledge of practitioners about screening programs has a direct relationship with their performance. methods: in a cross-sectional-educational study, knowledge, attitu...

Background: Breast cancer is known as the most widely recognized dangerous tumors; therefore, the most common reason for mortality among all instances of harmful neoplastic illness in females. This is because the lack of specific signs and symptoms at the early stage and at the aggressive nature. Currently, breast cancer treatment such as chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy has not been effe...

Dormancy is an inactive period of organism’s life cycle that permits it to survive through phases unfavorable conditions in highly variable environments. not binary. There a continuum dormancy phenotypes represent some degree reduced metabolic activity (hypometabolism), feeding, and reproduction or proliferation. Similarly, normal cells cancer exhibit range states from quiescence long-term perm...

comparing the works of sohrab sepehri, iranian contemporary poet and jibran khalil jibran, arabian contemporary author fits the comparative literature in the american school though no such effects have been observed to exist between these two literary characters. one of the commonalities between these two literary figures is naturalism which has been considered as the utopia in their works. the...