In the late 1960s, Georges Canguilhem introduced the concept of 'scientific ideology'. This concept had not played any role in his previous work, so why introduce it at all? This is the central question of my paper. Although it may seem a rather modest question, its answer in fact uncovers hidden tensions in the tradition of historical epistemology, in particular between its normative and descr...

Folk epistemology refers to a range of cognitive skills that involve epistemic concepts such as knowledge and truth. As human beings we are able to assess the truth of an utterance by another agent or whether an inference someone makes is valid. We can evaluate to what extent sources we acquire information from are reliable and whether new information we acquire should lead to belief revision. ...

Formal treatments of epistemology and epistemological issues have come a great way in recent years. Valuable results have been produced by Bayesians, in formal learning theory (also known as computational epistemology in [Kelly 96] and epistemic logic. While the first to formal approaches concentrate on learning and knowledge acquisition issues, the latter concentrate on axiomatics and validity...