Electrostatic interaction is the driving force for the encapsulation by virus coat proteins of nanoparticles such as quantum dots, gold particles and magnetic beads for, e.g., imaging and therapeutic purposes. In recent experimental work, Daniel et al (2010 ACS Nano 4 3853-60) found the encapsulation efficiency to sensitively depend on the interplay between the surface charge density of negativ...

The recent measurements of the electric form factor of the neutron suggest that its shape may be interpreted as a smooth broad distribution with a bump at Q ≈ 0.3 (GeV/c) superimposed. As a consequence the corresponding charge distribution in the Breit frame shows a negative charge extending as far out as 2 fm. It is natural to identify this charge with the pion cloud. This realisation is then ...

As MOS devices scale to submicron lengths, short-channel effects become more pronounced, and an improved transistor model becomes a necessary tool for the VLSI designer [10]. We present a simple, physically based charge-controlled model. The current in the MOS transistor is described in terms of the mobile charge in the channel, and incorporates the physical processes of drift and diffusion. Th...

The concept of effective field theory leads in a natural way to a construction principle for phenomenological sensible models known under the name of the Cheshire Cat Principle. We review its formulation in the chiral bag scenario and discuss its realization for the flavor singlet axial charge. Quantum effects inside the chiral bag induce a color anomaly which requires a compensating surface te...

Ethanol introduced into the organism undergoes rapid metabolism to acetaldehyde and then to acetic acid. The process is accompanied by formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage mainly lipids of membrane cells. The effects of ROS can be neutralized by administering preparations with antioxidant properties. The natural preparations of this kind are teas.This paper reports data on t...

An electrochemical study using transient techniques of a quinone-type natural product, horminone, has been performed in acetonitrile in the presence of two buffer solutions of pH = 17.2 and pH = 15.5. Using linear sweep voltammetry, it was found that at both pH values the reduction mechanism of horminone involves a monoelectronic charge-transfer step, followed by a protonation step and homogene...

We designed bioinspired cross-linkers based on desmosine, the cross-linker in natural elastin, to prepare hydrogels with thiolated hyaluronic acid. These short, rigid cross-linkers are based on pyridinium salts (as in desmosine) and can connect two polymer backbones. Generally, the obtained semi-synthetic hydrogels are form-stable, can withstand repeated stress, have a large linear-elastic rang...

In this study, B12N12 Nano ring has been selected because it consist of four 6-side rings and polar bonds B-N which in comparison with non-polar bonds C-C, is more suitable for the study of the absorption of other compounds. So reactivity and stability of Benzene alone and in the presence B12N12 nano ring field checked. To determine the non-bonded interaction energies between Benzene and B12N12...

Benzyl chloride and tin powder were used to prepare dibenzyltin dichloride according to a literatureprocedure. In this study, IR spectroscopy, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, NBO analysis, polarizability,some geometrical parameters, natural charge and electrical potential of atoms, global hardness,electronic chemical potential, global electrophilicity index, and molar volume of dibenzyltindichloride were...

This is the vignette of the Bioconductor add-on package IPPD which implements automatic isotopic pattern extraction from a raw protein mass spectrum. Basically, the user only has to provide mass/charge channels and corresponding intensities, which are automatically decomposed into a list of monoisotopic peaks. IPPD can handle several charge states as well as overlaps of peak patterns. 1 Aims an...