The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of students' social capital components and entrepreneurship intention. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran (N=2600) among which 155 students where accessed based on Cochran formula and through convenient sampling. Data wer...

While species extinctions continue to be a matter of extreme concern, changes in biodiversity in the world’s agricultural landscapes have largely escaped attention. Implicitly, the world community has traded off biodiversity in these landscapes against the conservation of threatened endemics in protected areas. But biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes also has an opportunity cost. It af...

The measure of value called emergy is used to evaluate the flows of energy and resources that sustain the biosphere including the economy of humans. A donor system of value based on solar emergy required to produce things is suggested as the only means of reversing the logic trap inherent in economic valuation, which suggests that value stems only from utilization by humans. The stocks of natur...

Until recent decades, economic decision makers have largely ignored the nonmarket benefits provided by nature, resulting in unprecedented threats to ecological life-support functions. The economic challenge today is to decide how much ecosystem structure can be converted to economic production and how much must be conserved to provide essential ecosystem services. Many economists and a growing ...

This paper provides causal evidence of flexible operating strategies affecting capital structure of firms. I exploit the appealing setting of the European labor market to show that the use of employment contracts that provide firms with a greater operating flexibility in terms of less costly firing promotes debt financing. I build the identification strategy on the exogenous inter-temporal and ...

In prioritising investment in natural capital, site-scale indicators are increasingly used to capture finescale variation inherent in complex ecosystems. However, site assessment is costly, has high skill demand, and is time-consuming. We assess the marginal gain associated with including site-scale indicators in metrics typically used by agri-environmental stewardship schemes and payments for ...

In this paper, a systematic methodology has been presented for the optimal integration of the IGCC systems with the exiting refinery infrastructure, the hydrogen network and the utility network. The proposed approach determines the new unit investment scheme for the existing refineries, as well as operational strategies of all the units in order to maximise the annual profit taking into account...

Implementation of hydraulic fracturing dramatically altered the fundamentals in the oil and gas markets. A new technology rst got implemented in the natural gas market, but by 2012 unprecedentedly low gas prices forced most exploration rms to switch to shale oil exploration. Large capital expenditure on drilling activity resulted in the growth of oil production in the US, and likely triggered t...

In the wake of the financial crisis the destination regeneration debate for achieving sustainable tourism development requires the definition of an appropriate governance system, the establishment of a critical mass of local stakeholders and procedures for effective decision making aimed at balancing economic, environmental and socio-cultural assets and interests. This paper examines one of the...