INTRODUCTION In April 2008, Japan launched a radical reform in regional health planning that emphasized the development of disease-oriented clinical care pathways. These 'inter-provider critical paths' have sought to ensure effective integration of various providers ranging among primary care practitioners, acute care hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, long-term care facilities and home care....

Economic and social changes in recent decades led to regional imbalance and inordinate concentration of facilities in some parts and bereavement of other parts. We need to district and regional planning which its objective is providing an appropriate model for balanced distribution of services according to population of settlements or spatial balance in the region. The topics of sust...

R esidential investment is one of the most volatile components of GDP. Coming out of a recession, it is not uncommon for residential investment to jump by more than 20 percent in a year. Going into a recession, it may fall by a similar fraction. Thus, while residential investment accounts for just 4 percent of GDP, it can have a disproportionate influence at critical junctures. Fluctuations in ...

attracting foreign investment is a technique to achieve economic development, which requires establishment of appropriate legal and administrative infrastructure. in addition, host countries may ignore their public interest and national security. therefore, they have to maintain a balance between economic development and protection of national security. the concern over the national security as...

The energy transition rests on several pillars including the electrification of heating, transportation, and industry to enable better exploitation renewable sources. This changes geography system, where power from being centrally produced more geographically distributed. will add new, large point demands electricity system. distributed generation, a higher level transit all suggest grid impact...

development and progress are ideals that always different countries have pursued. everybody welcomes a developed country with people free from development obstacles. indeed, realization of such a goal requires developmental planning in national and local scales taking into account the population growth rate, economical, social, cultural, and political problems, and generally, imbalances and dua...

OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of the GLOBOCAN methods for deriving national estimates of cancer incidence. METHODS We obtained incidence and mortality data from Norway by region, year of diagnosis, cancer site, sex and 5-year age group for the period 1983-2012 from the NORDCAN database. Estimates for the year 2010 were derived using nine different methods from GLOBOCAN. These included the ...