OBJECTIVE To determine whether the inferior turbinate, which contains swelling bodies, and the nasal septum (Kiesselbach area), characterized by a dense arterial mesh, exhibit different swelling mechanisms in allergic nasal reactions. DESIGN Two optical rhinometers were used to examine 11 patients in the clinic. Optical rhinometry is based on the transillumination of the nasal septum and infe...

Melittin and apamin are the main components of bee venom and they have been known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melittin and apamin on airborne fungi-induced chemical mediator and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in nasal fibroblasts. Primary nasal fibroblasts were isolated from nasal polyps, which were collected...

Recent evidence suggests that nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline may be useful as an adjunctive treatment modality in the management of many sinonasal diseases. However, no previous studies have investigated the efficacy of this regimen in the prevention of seasonal allergic rhinitis-related symptoms in the pediatric patient. Twenty children with seasonal allergic rhinitis to Parietaria we...

Mucous membrane pemphigoid includes chronic autoimmune sub-epithelial blistering diseases that predominantly affect mucous membranes, with varying combinations of oral, ocular, cutaneous, genital, nasopharyngeal, oesophageal and laryngeal lesions. The case is reported of a man with multiple manifestations of mucous membrane pemphigoid. A 53-year-old male presented at our Department with a 4-yea...

BACKGROUND It is noteworthy that there is a clear clinical, epidemiological and pathophysiological association between upper and lower airway inflammation in rhinitis and asthma. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the eosinophil counts in induced sputum and nasal lavage fluids in asthma, checking their association and the accuracy of nasal eosinophilia as a predictor of sputum eos...

  Background and Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic diseases. In the past decades, there has been an increase in fungal infections of sinuses and fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) has been diagnosed more frequently. Knowing the fungal flora and its prevalence in CRS patients will allow a better understanding of this disease, permitting a correct diagnosis, trea...

In diseases such as bronchial asthma or atopic dermatitis, which are based on a type II inflammation, biologicals part of the standard therapy. Since October 2019, bilogical dupilumab has been approved an add-on therapy for treatment severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). The aim this study is to evaluate acceptability, symptom development, and side effects after one year ...

Oral tolerance is classically defined as the suppression of immune responses to antigens (Ag) that have been administered previously by the oral route. Multiple mechanisms of tolerance are induced by oral Ag. Low doses favor active suppression, whereas higher doses favor clonal anergy/deletion. Oral Ag induces Th2 (IL-4/IL-10) and Th3 (TGF-beta) regulatory T cells (Tregs) plus CD4+CD25+ regulat...

Systemic disorders represent a heterogenous group of diseases which can primarily manifest at the nose and sinuses as limited disease or secondarily as part of the systemic involvement. Rhinologists therefore play an important role in the diagnostic but also therapeutic process. Although therapy of systemic disorders is primary systemic, additional nasal surgery may become necessary. Surgical p...

Despite the progress made by modern medicine, infectious diseases remain one of the most important threats to human health. Vaccination against pathogens is one of the primary methods used to prevent and treat infectious diseases that cause illness and death. Vaccines administered by the mucosal route are potentially a promising strategy to combat infectious diseases since mucosal surfaces are ...