The purpose of this study is to investigate the spacial expression pattern and functional significance of three key transcription factors related to bone and cartilage formation, namely, Sox9, Runx2, and Osterix in cartilages during the late development of mouse mandible. Immunohistochemical examinations of Sox9, Runx2, and Osterix were conducted in the mandibular cartilages of the 15 neonatal ...

1 Shu Jin Lee, MD Kathleen Ong Department of Surgery National University Health System Singapore Sir: W describe an unusual case of multiple trauma in which the patient fell from a height of 20 m, sustaining panfacial fractures with severe nasoethmoid fractures and soft tissue concertina of the entire bony cartilaginous complex of the nose together with an open fracture of the right humerus com...

West Indian (Trichechus manatus) and Amazonian (T. inunguis) manatees are vocal mammals, with most sounds produced for communication between mothers and calves. While their hearing and vocalizations have been well studied, the actual mechanism of sound production is unknown. Acoustical recordings and anatomical examination were used to determine the source of sound generation. Recordings were p...

BACKGROUND Cartilage tissue has limited regenerative capacity and the management of cartilage defects has always been a challenging issue. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been recently been used to improve healing of cartilage defects. In the present experiment, we aimed to investigate the effects of PRP on regeneration capacity as well as survival of the cartilage grafts in a rabbit model. M...

The descriptions of the lung during the latter half of the last century, notably by Aeby (1880) and Ewart (1889),. and also the more modern work by Miller (1947) and Engel (1947) give descriptions of the cartilages in the trachea, carina, and main bronchi, but are disappointing in their lack of detailed information about the cartilages in the intrapulmonary bronchi. On this subject the authors ...

tion of the heart, and particularly of the right ventricle, when the heart is in its correct central position. If during intra-uterine life the heart is not central and during development lies to the left side, leaving the mediastinum empty, there will be no positive force to elevate the sternum, but rather a negative pressure which will suck it in. The ribs and sternum ossify early, but the co...

We present a method for fully automatic segmentation of the bones and cartilages of the human knee from MRI data. Based on statistical shape models and graph-based optimization, first the femoral and tibial bone surfaces are reconstructed. Starting from the bone surfaces the cartilages are segmented simultaneously with a multi object technique using prior knowledge on the variation of cartilage...

The phenotypes of skeletal malformations induced in pharyngeal arches and pectoral fins of Ž . X Japanese flounder larvae by retinoic acid RA , disulfiram, 2,2 -dipyridyl and azetidine-2-carboxylic acid were characterized, RA controls gene expression essential for pharyngeal and pectoral fin development; disulfiram is an inhibitor of RA synthase, 2,2-dipyridyl and azetidine-2-carboxylic acid ar...

An understanding of the interrelationships between cells and the intercellular substance of cartilages may help resolve the question of why some cartilages ossify and others do not. Thus far, in autoradiograms of growing bones, S%ulfate has been seen concentrated initially in chondrocytes (l-3), from which it is extruded into the matrix (1)) and thence, a portion of the label persists in the bo...