In recent years two of us have investigated the neural structure of the visual fixation reflex in the cat (Dreher et al. 1965, Dreher and i e r nicki 1969ab). In these studies we were interested in the effects of ablfation of cortical oculomotor areas. However, available data in the localination of these areas are not adequate. In anesthetized cats relatively small cortical ocu~lomotor areas we...

The contribution of inert gases to the risk of central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity is a matter of controversy. Therefore, diving regulations apply strict rules regarding permissible oxygen pressures (Po(2)). We studied the effects of nitrogen and helium (0, 15, 25, 40, 50, and 60%) and different levels of Po(2) (507, 557, 608, and 658 kPa) on the latency to the first electrical dischar...

Many authors, in advocating special treatments for mania, do not consider the duration of the illness but give instead the number or percentage of those recovered, improved, or unchanged. Smith, Hastings, and Hughes (1943), Ziskind, SomerfeldZiskind, and Ziskind (1945), and Schiele and Schneider (1949) advocate E.C.T. General experience with this treatment is that it must often be given intensi...

Effect concentrations in fish LC50 tests with directly acting electrophiles are lower than those of unreactive chemicals that act by narcosis. LC50 values of more hydrophobic reactive chemicals tend to approach those of unreactive chemicals. Quantitative studies to correlate fish LC50 data to physical-chemical properties indicate that LC50 values of reactive chemicals depend on hydrophobicity a...

Social insect colonies represent distinct units of selection. Most individuals evolve by kin selection and forgo individual reproduction. Instead, they display altruistic food sharing, nest maintenance and self-sacrificial colony defence. Recently, altruistic self-removal of diseased worker ants from their colony was described as another important kin-selected behaviour. Here, we report corrobo...

IN an extensive literature on epidural analgesia there appears to be some difference of opinion as to the intensity of nerve block produced by different drugs, perhaps partly attributable to the fact that many patients are given light narcosis in addition to nerve block, nowadays, which may conceal differences of drug action. In quoting a few of the many authorities, the following drugs are lis...

In the practice of neurosurgical operations the convulsions occasionally elicited during cortical manipulations or produced by electrical stimulations may sometimes be difficult to control, and may give rise in some cases to dangerous convulsive states that may even end fatally. Barbiturates and other common drugs may fail to stop such convulsions quickly, as we have observed in some of our cas...