Beside the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR), many nuclei show the feature of additional low-lying electric dipole (E1) strength below and around the particle separation energies, which is usually denoted as Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) [1]. The existence of the PDR in nearly every studied nucleus and the smooth variation of its properties lead to the assumption that the PDR is a newly discovered co...

Complexity is an interdisciplinary concept which, first of all, addresses the question of how order emerges out of randomness. For many reasons matrices provide a very practical and powerful tool in approaching and quantifying the related characteristics. Based on several natural complex dynamical systems, like the strongly interacting quantum many-body systems, the human brain and the financia...

The nature and evolution of collectivity and coherence in nuclei is one of the most fundamental issues in nuclear structure and its evolution with N and Z. Despite many experiments, the nature of nuclear vibrational modes in deformed nuclei and the nature of nuclear phase/shape transitions are not at all understood. We discuss new experiments on phonon and multi-phonon states in the rare earth ...

Nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC produce high temperature and high energy density matter which exhibits partonic degrees of freedom. We will discuss measurements of nuclear modification factors for light hadrons and non-photonic electrons from heavy quark decays, which reflect the flavor dependence of energy loss of high momentum partons traversing the dense QCDmedium. The hadronization of bu...

The experimental data for identified hadron spectra from pp, d+A and AA collisions are reviewed. Three regions with different dominant production mechanisms are considered: soft region (pT < 2 GeV/c) – with large degree of collectivity and thermalization, hard particle production which exhibits jet-quenching in Au+Au collisions at RHIC and intermediate region (2< pT <5 GeV/c) with distinct bary...

The ground states of all even-even nuclei have angular momentum, I, equal to zero, I = 0, and positive parity, π = +. This feature was believed to be a consequence of the attractive short-range interactions between nucleons. However, in the presence of two-body random interactions, the predominance of I = 0 ground states (0 g.s.) was found to be robust both for bosons and for an even number of ...

An experimental pharmacological model of diabetes induced with aloxan in white, male and female Wistar rats was designed. A collectivity of 312 animals was used, with an initial mean weight of 225.1 ± 31.48 g-bw and basal mean glycaemia of 103.0 ± 34.22 mg/dL. Diabetes was induced by administering intraperitoneally a dose of 130 mg/kg-bw alloxan. Experimental results showed that, in the tested ...

Enhanced octupole collectivity is expected in the neutron-deficient Ge, Se and Kr isotopes with neutron number $N \approx 40$ has indeed been observed for $^{70,72}$Ge. Shape coexistence configuration mixing are, however, a notorious challenge theoretical models trying to reliably predict this mass region, which known feature rapid shape changes changing nucleon spin of system. To further inves...