objective: parkinson's disease (pd) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders which is characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural disturbances. studies indicate that grape juice and exercise may have beneficial effects on neurodegenerative disorders. therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of red grape juice (gj) together with treadmill runni...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hiit run on pgc-1α gene expression in fast & slow twitch muscles of healthy male  rats. for this purpose, 12 male wistar rats divided into two groups: contorol (n=6) and exercise (n=6) , respectively. intense interval training was consists of five days and a total of eight weeks,  that was formed the three frequencies ( 90 to 100% vo...

the aim of this study was to assess the effects of intermittent training on lactate level and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in wistar rats. 20 male wistar rats (mean age 3 months and weight 224±14 g) were selected and randomly divided into the training (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. the training protocol consisted of running on a treadmill for 4 minutes and then 2 minutes of active r...

Fifty four Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups, drinking water containing 0.6 mg/L (control group), 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L sodium fluoride, respectively. Rats were killed at the second, fourth and sixth weeks after experiment initiation, respectively. The levels of serum testosterone, testis cholesterol, and hepatic tissue cholesterol were determined. Results showed that th...

The kappa-opioid system (KOP) is the key in drug abuse. Of all compounds isolated from Salvia divinorum (S. divinorum), salvinorin-A (Sal-A) predominant. Further, Sal-A only compound within S. which reported to have psychoactive properties as a powerful receptor (KOPr) agonist. Based on role of KOP consumption drugs, extract (SDE) and may modify alcohol intake Wistar rats. Assessing voluntary c...

Diabetic rats in long-term display an augmented nociceptive response to chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli. Furthermore, hyperalgesia is one of the major symptoms of diabetic neuropathy in some patients. Considering the antidiabetic potential of pepper, this study was carried out to evaluate the possible analgesic effect of pepper-mixed food intake in male streptozotocin-induced diabetic...

Diabetic rats in long-term display an augmented nociceptive response to chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli. Furthermore, hyperalgesia is one of the major symptoms of diabetic neuropathy in some patients. Considering the antidiabetic potential of pepper, this study was carried out to evaluate the possible analgesic effect of pepper-mixed food intake in male streptozotocin-induced diabetic...

Background: Infertility in men can be caused by decreased motility of spermatozoa. Electric cigarette smoke containing nicotine produce free radicals that cause a decrease sperm motility. Purple grape juice which contains flavonoids act as antioxidants increase the Objective: To prove effect administering purple on male Wistar rats exposed to electric smoke.Methods: This research is an experime...