background: one of the fundamental issues of infectious disease treatment is drug resistance. the aim of the present study was to investigate the first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance rates and determine the risk factors related to multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis.methods: from march 2011 to september 2012, mycobacterial strains were collected from one hundred fifteen diagn...

background: this study was done to detect multidrug resistant (mdr) and extremely drug resistant (xdr) of pseudomonas aeruginosa among strains isolated from patients in tehran, iran, due to importance of these phenotypes in treatment of human infections. methods: eighty eightp. aeruginosa were isolated from patients in tehran, iran, and identified by routine methods and pcr for oprl gene. their...

results the k. pneumonia isolates were resistant to erythromycin (70%), cefixime (53.3%), tetracycline (50%) and ceftazidime (36.6%). the amplification of teta and tetb genes of k. pneumonia revealed that all of the isolates harbored these genes. conclusions resistance to tetracycline and other antibiotics, and the presence of various resistance genes in k. pneumonia strains are alarming signs ...

biofilm of pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, can cause serious health problems, such as chronic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. many studies have suggested administration of new generation of antibiotics, as p. aeruginosa biofilms have developed high resistance to antimicrobial drugs. this study reports the inhibitory effect of three medicinal plant extrac...

objective: to investigate microorganisms causing bacteremia in jordanian children and to assess their sensitivity to various groups of antimicrobials. methods: a retrospective study was conducted on positive blood cultures taken from 378 children aged below 15 year, who sought medical attention at princess rahmah hospital between january and december/2008. results: out of 4475 tested blood samp...

Drug discovery for malaria has been transformed in the last 5 years by the discovery of many new lead compounds identified by phenotypic screening. The process of developing these compounds as drug leads and studying the cellular responses they induce is revealing new targets that regulate key processes in the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. We disclose herein that the clinical candida...

background: enterococci have emerged as a major cause of nosocomial infections and within this group, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium cause the majority of human and livestock enterococcal infections. in this article, we tried to determine antibiotics and metals resistance patterns of e. faecalis and e. faecium strains. methods: one hundred sixty different strains of e. faecalis ...

Amino acid substitutions in influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) that cause resistance to inhibitors (NAI) generally result attenuation. However, viruses may acquire secondary the NA and hemagglutinin (HA) proteins can restore viral fitness. To assess which extent this happens, emergence of NAI – potentially compensatory was quantified immunocompetent individuals included Influenza Resistance Inf...

Influenza viruses of the N1 neuraminidase (NA) subtype affecting both animals and humans caused the 2009 pandemic. Anti-influenza virus NA inhibitors are crucial early in a pandemic, when specific influenza vaccines are unavailable. Thus, it is urgent to confirm the antiviral susceptibility of the avian viruses, a potential source of a pandemic virus. We evaluated the NA inhibitor susceptibilit...