Using 1708-1788 historical data, we test the Austrian hypothesis that fractional-reserve banking destabilizes commodity prices, complicating eco­ nomic calculation and entrepreneurial planning, contributes to boom-bust cycles. The Bank of Amsterdam («Wisselbank», 1609-1819) maintained high reserve requirements until Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780-1784), when its ratio plummeted from nearly 100% i...

The European Association of Urology (EAU) annually updates 21 clinical practice guidelines in which summaries of the evidence base and best practice recommendations are made. The methodology applied to achieve this and integrate stakeholder opinion is continuously improving. However, there is evidence to suggest wide variation in clinical practice indicating that many patients receive suboptima...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to investigate changes in the intrinsic inhibitory interactions within the somatosensory system subsequent to a session of spinal manipulation of dysfunctional cervical joints. METHOD Dual peripheral nerve stimulation somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) ratio technique was used in 13 subjects with a history of reoccurring neck stiffness and/or neck ...

Microglial activation is an invariant feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is noteworthy that cannabinoids are neuroprotective by preventing β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced microglial activation both in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) has shown anti-inflammatory properties in different paradigms. In the present study, we compared the effects of CBD with th...

Estimates of the tectonic stress state including loading rate and magnitude of background stress are derived from the spatial and temporal distribution of Loma Prieta aftershocks. This technique was previously applied to the Landers aftershock sequence Gross and Kisslinger, 1997] and is based upon the seismicity model of Dieterich 1994]. Dieterich's theory suggests that background seismicity sh...

[1] We have estimated patterns and rates of crustal movement across 800 km of the Basin and Range at 39 north latitude with Global Positioning System surveys in 1992, 1996, 1998, and 2002. The total rate of motion tangent to the small circle around the PacificNorth America pole of rotation is 10.4 ± 1.0 mm/yr, and motion normal to this small circle is 3.9 ± 0.9 mm/yr compared to the east end of...

An 8.72 m late Holocene sediment core (VEC02A07) obtained from Alison Sound in the Belize–Seymour Inlet Complex of central British Columbia, Canada was deposited between ∼3500–1000 yr BP under primarily anoxic marine conditions. This core contains a detailed cyclic record of land–sea interactions as evidenced by significant fluctuations in marine primary productivity and changes in the supply o...

Just i f ica t iva e Obje t ivos Es tudos ava l i ando a farmacodinâmica de drogas anestésicas em Paralisia Cerebral (PC) são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a resposta eletroneurofisiológica de pacientes normais e com PC à anestesia com sevoflurano, utilizando o EEG bispectral (BIS) e potencial evocado somatossensitivo de curta latência (PESS) como técn ica de moni tor ização do...

Nitrogen fertilization increases crop yield but excessive nitrate use can be a major environmental problem due to soil leaching or greenhouse gas emission. Root traits have been seldom considered as selection criteria to improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency of crops, due to the difficulty of measuring root traits under field conditions. Nonetheless, learning about mechanisms of lateral root (LR) gro...

We discuss solution concepts for linear hyperbolic equations with coefficients of regularity below Lipschitz continuity. Thereby our focus is on theories which are based either on a generalization of the method of characteristics or on refined techniques concerning energy estimates. We provide a series of examples both as simple illustrations of the notions and conditions involved but also to s...